哺乳动物牙釉质碳氧稳定同位素揭示早期人类演化与环境关系

doi:10.16359/j.cnki.cn11-1963/q.2020.0037

人类学学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (03): 454-468.doi: 10.16359/j.cnki.cn11-1963/q.2020.0037

哺乳动物牙釉质碳氧稳定同位素揭示早期人类演化与环境关系

徐哲¹^,²^,³(), 马姣¹^,², 裴树文¹^,²^,()

1.中国科学院脊椎动物演化与人类起源重点实验室,中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所,北京 100044
2.中国科学院生物演化与环境卓越创新中心,北京 100044
3.中国科学院大学,北京100049

收稿日期:2020-05-27 修回日期:2020-08-21 出版日期:2021-06-15 发布日期:2020-09-16
通讯作者: 裴树文
作者简介:徐哲（1995-）,男,湖北武汉人,博士研究生,主要从事旧石器时代考古学研究。Email: xuzhe@ivpp.ac.cn
基金资助:
中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(B类: XDB26000000);国家自然科学基金项目(41872029);国家自然科学基金项目(41372032)

Study on the relationship between environmental change and human evolution: Evidence from mammalian tooth enamel carbon and oxygen stable isotope analysis

XU Zhe¹^,²^,³(), MA Jiao¹^,², PEI Shuwen¹^,²^,()

1. Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology,Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100044
2. CAS Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Beijing 100044
3. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049

Received:2020-05-27 Revised:2020-08-21 Online:2021-06-15 Published:2020-09-16
Contact: PEI Shuwen

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

早期人类演化、扩散、技术发展与自然环境的关系一直是学术界关注的前沿与热点。本文梳理了环境变化与早期人类演化关系研究中牙釉质碳氧稳定同位素分析的研究历史、原理以及取样方法,与此同时,介绍了不同学者利用哺乳动物牙釉质碳氧稳定同位素分析在早期人类演化与环境关系探索的相关研究进展,并对东非早期人类奥杜威技术向阿舍利技术转变过程的环境机制探索等案例做了阐述。在此基础上,作者指出,我国华北地区作为早期人类扩散至东亚最集中的证据所在地,人类适应方式表现出多样化的应对方略。探求早期人类演化与适应行为方式产生的环境机制,一直缺乏来自遗址的有效气候与环境信息的佐证,因此,作者认为运用哺乳动物牙釉质稳定同位素分析探讨环境变化与早期人类技术演化关系,在我国具有广阔的前景,并对研究材料、研究区域及相关科学研究的潜力进行解读。

关键词: 人类演化, 行为适应, 牙釉质, 稳定同位素分析, 气候波动

Abstract:

The relationship among early human evolution, diffusion, technological development, and natural environment has always been the front and focus of academic attention. This paper reviews the research history, principle and sampling methods of enamel carbon and oxygen stable isotope analysis in the study of the relationship between environmental change and early human evolution. At the same time, it introduces the relevant research progress of different scholars using mammalian enamel carbon and oxygen stable isotope analysis method in exploring the relationship between early human evolution and environment. In this way, the authors also pointed out the case study of the environmental mechanism in the process of the transition from the early human Oldowan technology to Acheulean technology in East Africa. In addition, it should be pointed out that North China, as the most concentrated evidence of early human spread to and occupied in East Asia, display a variety of adaptation strategies. However, to explore the environmental mechanism of the early human evolution and adaptive behavior, there has been a lack of evidence of effective climate and environmental information from the site context. Therefore, using stable isotope analysis of mammalian enamel to explore the relationship between environmental change and early human technological evolution has a broad prospective in China. Furthermore, the potential of research materials, research areas and related scientific research are also proposed by the authors in the current paper.

Key words: Human evolution, Behavioral adaptation, Tooth enamel, Stable isotope(C,O), Climate fluctuation

中图分类号:

徐哲, 马姣, 裴树文. 哺乳动物牙釉质碳氧稳定同位素揭示早期人类演化与环境关系[J]. 人类学学报, 2021, 40(03): 454-468.

XU Zhe, MA Jiao, PEI Shuwen. Study on the relationship between environmental change and human evolution: Evidence from mammalian tooth enamel carbon and oxygen stable isotope analysis[J]. Acta Anthropologica Sinica, 2021, 40(03): 454-468.

图/表 4

图1 环境与人类演化及行为适应的关系[16,17,18,19,20,21]

Fig.1 The relationship among environment,human evolution and behavior adaptations[16,17,18,19,20,21]

图2 影响大气降水的δ18O值的因素[84]

Fig.2 Factors affecting the δ18O value of atmospheric precipitation[84]

图3 泥河湾盆地麻地沟遗址部分牙釉质序列采样情况

Fig.3 Sequence sampling of enamel in Madigou site, Nihewan basin

图4 序列取样示意图[84]

Fig.4 Diagram of serial sampling strategy[84]

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哺乳动物牙釉质碳氧稳定同位素揭示早期人类演化与环境关系

Study on the relationship between environmental change and human evolution: Evidence from mammalian tooth enamel carbon and oxygen stable isotope analysis

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