Three dimensional morphological variation of occiput in extant human populations

doi:10.16359/j.cnki.cn11-1963/q.2020.0060

Abstract

Abstract:

Different from facial-, neuro- and basi- cranium, how occipital morphology reflects population relationship was still largely uninvestigated. Besides, due to the complexity of the occipital, it’s hard to use traditional morphometrics to capture its overall morphology. Here we present a study on occipital shape and allometric pattern variation among populations using three-dimensional geometric morphometrics and multivariate statistics. One hundred and three extant adult male skulls from Asia, Africa and Europe were applied for this study. Significant differences were observed among different populations on occipital size and occipital shape though efficient discriminations were unlikely to be made. On the contrary, great variations have been noticed among the pooled modern populations, mainly on the projection and superior-inferior position of the external occipital protuberance, proportion of nuchal and occipital plane, anterior-posterior position, medial-lateral and superior-inferior position of asterion, and inclination of clivus. Allometric patterns were different among populations. Nonetheless, similar allometric patterns have been observed within African and European. This study failed to find a strong relationship between occipital morphology and population relationships, and further suggests that the occipital morphology is largely influenced by function and environment..

Key words: Modern Human, Population, Occipital, Geometric morphology, Allometry

CLC Number:

Q983

ZHANG Yameng. Three dimensional morphological variation of occiput in extant human populations[J]. Acta Anthropologica Sinica, 2020, 39(04): 648-658.

Figures/Tables 6

Fig.1 Three-dimensional landmarks on occipital

Fig.2 Boxplot of centroid size and Procrustes distance in different populations

Fig.3 Superimposition of average occipital shape of three populations

Fig.4 Scatter plot of PC1 and PC2 and their occipital superimposition from minimum (cyan) to maximum (purple) scores

Tab.1 Table of MANCOVA

	Df	SS	MS	Rsq	F	Z	Pr(>F)
人群 Population	2	0.07	0.03	0.10	5.95	5.69	0.00*
中心大小 CS	1	0.02	0.02	0.02	2.77	2.50	0.01*
人群中心大小 PopulationCS	2	0.02	0.01	0.03	1.67	1.72	0.04*
残差 Residuals	97	0.56	0.01	0.84
总计 Total	102	0.67

Fig.5 Scatterplot of multivariate regression and occipital shape changes from minimum centroid size (cyan) to maximum centroid size (purple)

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