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    15 December 1996, Volume 15 Issue 04
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    Some new materials and restudy of the stone artifacts from Lianhuachishan Paleolithic Site of Zhangzhou County
    Zhang Senshui
    1996, 15(04):  277-379. 
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    The stone artifacts studied in this paper were classified by using the final artificial scars of them as the unique indicator. Twelve stone artifacts found in 1994 from the paleolithic site at Lianhuachishan hill of Zhangzhou county are described and 27 pieces of the stone artifacts gathered in 1990 are restudied. Then the age of this site and its paleolithic cultural relation with those found in the regions around Fujian Province are also discussed.
    On the basis of the classification, measurements and statistic analysis of the stone artifacts some characters are as follows:
    1 .Though most of the artifacts are small in size and make up 66.7% of the total artifacts, some pieces of middle and large size are included in the assemblage.
    2. The flakes are commonly produced by direct percussion and occasionally by bipolar technique. Most of the flakes are regular in shape.
    3. The tools are mainly made of flakes which occupy 69.2% of the total tools. The main type of the tools is scraper of the broad edge category, in addition to this, there are a few pieces of the choppers and chopping tool. The pointed tools are very rare, only two specimens the type of which are uncertain, they are(?)one graver and(?)one pick.
    4. The tools are crudely trimmed by hard hammer and the complex mode is main process of the retouched tools so all the tools are irregular in shape. The edge margins are zigzag. Most edges of the tools are more obtuse and more than half of the specimens with angle exceeding 60°.
    According to the available knowledge of the paleolithic archeology of the regions around Fujian Province, the stone artifacts from the site at Lianhuachishan hill may be later than those from all sites of Jiangxi Province and tentatively dated to be upper paleolithic age.
    In the light of paleolithic cultural patterns, the assemblage does not belong to the paleolithic main industry of South China. It has close relation with those from the Daguling paleolithic site of Xin'yu county, Jiangxi Province and even more intimate to the industry in which a majority of small stone artifacts appeared as the main character. As the amount of the stone artifacts found in the Lianhuachishan paleolithic site is not large enough, it is difficult to decide whether the assemblage could be regarded as a cultural variety of the industry which is characterized by majority of small stone artifacts found in upper paleolithic of South China or representing a new pattern of the upper paleolithic in South China.
    The boring technique of the ornaments at Xianren Cave Site, Haicheng and related questions
    Gu Yucai
    1996, 15(04):  294-382. 
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    On the basis of imitating to make boring ornaments, the boring features left by using different methods were observed and recorded by microscope. So, the boring technique of the ornaments unearthed from the Xianren cave site, Haicheng was restudied and some opinions of the previous researchers were corrected. Besides, questions related to the identification standard, boring efficiency and the purpose of smoothing the root of teeth etc. were discussed.
    The dental morphology of the people of Zhanguo Period in Longxian, Shaanxi Province
    Liu Wu, Zeng Xianglong
    1996, 15(04):  302-314. 
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    The dental morphological traits of the people of Zhanguo period (2000 years BP) unearthed in Longxian of Shaanxi province were observed. The comparisons and statistical analyses show that compared with Neolithic people of north China, the dental morphology of Longxian specimens not only has the typical Mongoloid characteristics but also shows closer similarity with modern north Chinese. The authors believe in the past 10,000 years the physical traits of north Chinese experienced some regular evolution in the direction to the modern north Chinese. This process reflects the trend of microevolution of physical characters of the people of northeast Asia.
    Note on fossil human teeth from Fox Cave at Qingliu
    Dong Xingren, Fan Xuechun
    1996, 15(04):  315-319. 
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    Five fossil human teeth discovered from Fox Cave at Qingliu of Fujian in 1989 all came from the stratum of late Late Pleistocene judged by their associated fauna. The individuals represented by these teeth were assigned to be of late Homo Sapiens. Their morphological traits were undistinguished from those of modern man.
    Assignment of Longgupo Cave hominid incisor from Wushan
    Wang Qian
    1996, 15(04):  320-323. 
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    The paper recently given by Huang Wanpo et al. (1995) on the Longgupo Cave Early Homo from Wushan has evoked much controversy. The tooth first identified as an upper median incisor (Gu et al., 1991) is actually a right upper lateral one. Its gracile structure with a narrow and deep shovelling and a smooth labial surface differs markedly from that of Homo habilis, H. ergaster, H. erectus, or even Early Homo Sapiens, but resembles closely to that of Late Homo sapiens. Judging from the measurement distribution of the genus Homo generalized by M.H. Wolpoff in 1971, the Wushan incisor with MD8.12mm and LL7.02mm falls into the category of Late Homo Sapiens instead of earlier stages of Homo. Thus it seems to belong to Late Homo sapiens and probably had been brought by flowing water or other forces into the fissue of the comparatively old Longgupo Cave deposits of Wushan and mixed with the Longgupo fauna.
    The racial character of the human skull in historical period from Dongshan Island, Fujian Province
    Zhang Zhenbiao
    1996, 15(04):  324-334. 
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    The human skulls studied in this paper were collected from Dongshan Island (Dongshan County) in Fujian provence, in 1993. The age is approximately more than 300 years. A.D. The cranial samples of 20 males and 12 females are used in the nonmetric and metric analysis. The author used the methods of the cluster analysis and the principle component analysis to study and discuss the racial relationship between the Dongshan group and other groups in the surrounding region.
    The results of the cluster analysis and the principle component analysis indicated clearly that the racial pattern of Dongshan group is mere similar to that of the groups included Pingburen (Taiwan), Kagosima, Edo and Ryukyu (Japan). These groups form one cluster group separated from those of the south China and the southeast Asia. However, this group is more like those of the groups included the South China and the Southeast Asia than those of the North China, Ainu, Eskimo and Maori in cranial characteristics. It is proposed that the aboriginal populations in Fujian and Taiwan provinces have a common ancestor—the early Homo Sapiens in South China.
    Stratigraphic division, fossil mammals and environment of the Pleistocene in Fujian Province
    You Yuzhu, Cai Baoquan
    1996, 15(04):  335-346. 
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    This paper is focused on discussing the Pleistocene stratigraphic division, mammal fossil and Late Pleistocene environment based on the analysis of faunas, sedimentary features, sporopollen assemblages and dating.
    The sequence of deposits exposed in Fujian Province, termed the Pleistocene, is less than 50m thick. The deposits can be subdivided into several formations as the following table:
    At least 53 species of mammalian fossils were collected from Jiandaoqian Formation, and the extinct species are 14% of the total; 48 species of mammalian fossils have been known from Hucun Formation and the extinct species are 8% of the total. Two mammalian faunas belonging to Ailuropoda-Stegodon Fauna" in southern China.
    The sporopollen assemblages prove that it was mixed forest in northeast coastal area, forest grassland in central coastal area during 110-40 kaBP; and temperate grassland in both during 40-12 kaBP. At Last Pleistocene, it was steady state of evergreen broad-leaved trees in west region of the central part, and parkland in south coastal area. That was effective factor for early man activities.
    Fission track dating of Paleolithic site at Baise in Guangxi, South China
    Guo Shilun, Hao Xiuhong, Chen Baoliu et al.
    1996, 15(04):  347-350. 
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    Many stone artifacts have been found in Youjiang River Valley in Bose ("Baise')Basin, Guangxi, South China in recent years. These indicate early human living in this basin. Age determination has been carried out for the site by using tektite excavated from the same layer of deposits in which the stone artifacts were found. The age of the site is 0.732±0.039 Ma.
    Measurements of mandibular dental arch growth in children
    Xiao Li
    1996, 15(04):  351-355. 
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    This study measures the dental arches of 1936 children, aged 6-12 years. The anterior dental arch increases fast from 7 to 9 years, because of the eruption of canine. It is stand still after 11 years old. During the mixed dentition period, the width of anterior dental arch increases about 2mm, and the hypotenuse about 1.8mm. The width and hypotenuse of posterior dental arch increase about 1 mm. The size of anterior dental arch in boys is larger than that in girls, less than 1 mm. Both of width and hypotenuse of posterior dental arch in boys are larger about 1 mm than in girls in all classes. From 6 to 12 years, there are the primary dental arch, the first molar dental arch and the second molar dental arch among children. Their proportions are 2.1 %, 76% and 21.9% respectively.
    Study on the white line of fingerprint of Mongolian, Han, Hui and Chinese Korean in Inner Mongolia
    Lu Shunhua, Zheng Lianbin, Li Yonglan et al.
    1996, 15(04):  356-361. 
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    The distributive features of white line (WL) in 3597 cases of Mongolian, Han, Hui and Chinese Korean in Inner Mongolia are analysed. The relations between the WL of fingerprint and both wrinkly palmar and palmar flexion are explored. The results show that the frequencies of WL of fingerprint are: Mongolian 12.57%, Han 15.17%, Hui 18.80‰ and Korean 14.78%. For the frequencies of WL of the four nationalities, there are significant differences between sexes, left and right hands, and different nationalities. The relative frequences of wrinkly palmar and palmar flexion of the transitional I type and the Sydney type are higher in the subjects with WL of fingerprint in the four nationalities.
    Professor Li Ji's contribution to Paleolithic study of Zhoukoudian region-In memory of Professor Li Ji's centennial birthday
    Zhang Senshui
    1996, 15(04):  362-380. 
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    Professor Li Ji was one of founders of archeology and the first anthropologist in China. He worked all his life for archeological study in China, wrote many papers and books and had many pupils. Though his contribution was mainly reflected in the excavation of the Shang sites in Anyang from 1929 to 1937 and the study of cultural remains from the Shang sites from that time through 1979, he reaped rich fruits in other parts of the archeological research in China, for example, he also did important works in the realm of the paleolithic archeological research. Professor Pei Wenzhong said that: "it is difficult to study stone artifacts discovered from Loc.1 at Zhoukoudian, I began to learn archeology and learn from Professor Li Ji at first" (Pei, 1934). The excavation process in Loc.1 at Zhoukoudian was reformed in 1932. The new excavation adopted a method including a combination of test ditch and test square. This method had been used in the excavation of early stage in Shang sites in Anyand under the supervision of Professor Li Ji. When Upper Cave was excavated in 1933 Professor Pei adopted other excavation method which was formulated and named as "three dimension space record process" by Professor Li Ji and was used at first time in 1926 in excavation of the Neolithic site at Xiyin village of Xia County, Shanxi Province. In addition, Li Ji had contributed interesting ideas to the study of Zhoukoudian culture. In the present paper Professor Li Ji's life story is briefly introduced for helping the readers to know the historic background on which he gained the great achievements in the field of archeology.
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