人类学学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (03): 355-366.doi: 10.16359/j.1000-3193/AAS.2024.0038cstr: 32091.14.j.1000-3193/AAS.2024.0038
• 特邀文章 • 下一篇
收稿日期:
2023-06-09
修回日期:
2024-02-01
出版日期:
2024-06-15
发布日期:
2024-06-04
作者简介:
仪明洁,副教授,主要从事石器分析、旧石器考古学术史研究。E-mail: yimingjie@ruc.edu.cn
基金资助:
Received:
2023-06-09
Revised:
2024-02-01
Online:
2024-06-15
Published:
2024-06-04
摘要:
在亚洲东北部地区,细石叶技术是旧石器时代晚期人类适应气候和环境的最关键因素之一。学术界围绕细石叶技术产生很多讨论,其中起源、技术演变及技术类型的区域分布是被关注的几个关键问题。细石叶技术可分为初始、成熟、简约几个技术发展阶段,压制法的运用是细石叶技术成熟的关键,细小化的特点决定了各类细石叶使用功能上的区别并不显著。因而在实践层面上,细石叶技术的判定应重视石核和产品形态、技术生产流程、产品的使用意义、强调剥片策略分析,不应限定细石叶的剥制方法。末次盛冰期时,华北地区与中国东北地区、俄罗斯远东、日本北部等所构成的“北方区域”形成分别以船形石核、两面预制的楔形石核为主的二元分化格局,虽然出现过文化上的交叉融合,但是两个区存在以宽、窄楔形石核为主的现象,二元状态没有从根本上发生改变。细石叶技术的起源、成熟、分化与H3、H2、末次盛冰期几次冷事件间有较好的耦合关系,显示出环境驱动力仍然是导致史前人类生存策略变化的关键因素。
中图分类号:
仪明洁, 曹彧. 细石叶技术的起源、二元分化及环境驱动因素[J]. 人类学学报, 2024, 43(03): 355-366.
YI Mingjie, CAO Yu. A discussion on the origin, dichotomous pattern of microblade technology and the environmental drivers[J]. Acta Anthropologica Sinica, 2024, 43(03): 355-366.
遗址名称Site | 遗物类型Material | 年代数据Uncalibrated (BP) | 校正后数据Calibrated(cal BP) | 测年方法Dating method | 年代文献Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
西山头Xishantou | 石叶石核、石叶、细石器、 尖状器、刮削器 | 23680±170 | 28296~27432 | 14C | [ |
23610±80 | 27895~27648 | ||||
西沙河Xishanhe | 石核、石片、细石器、 端刮器等 | 22680±80 | 27251~26480 | 14C | [ |
22800±90 | 27314~26965 | ||||
22690±90 | 27260~26481 | ||||
23070±90 | 27611~27209 | ||||
柿子滩S29 Shizitan Locality S29 | 石叶、细石器、 研磨器、端刮器等 | 21690±80 | 26230~25800 | 14C | [ |
20010±70 | 24212~23840 | ||||
19650±80 | 23842~23360 | ||||
下川xiachuan | 细石器、研磨器、雕刻器、锛状器、石镞等 | 27000~25000 | 14C | [ | |
龙王辿Longwangchan | 细石器、研磨器、 工具类及装饰品 | 24145±55 | 28617~28007 | 14C | [ |
22230±55 | 26890~26322 | ||||
油房Youfang | 石叶、细石器、端刮器、 尖状器等 | 距今2.6~2.7万年 | OSL | [ | |
西施Xishi | 石叶石核、石叶、细石器、工具等 | 距今约2.5万年 | OSL | [ | |
二道梁Erdaoliang | 细石器、工具、磨制骨锥 | 18085±235 | 22482~21300 | 14C | [ |
林富Linfu | 细石器、雕刻器、端刮器 | 17192±70 | 20908~20549 | 14C | [ |
桃山Taoshan | 细石器、斧形器、锛状器等 | 12580±50 | 15161~14566 | 14C | [ |
13990±50 | 17310~16830 | ||||
籍箕滩Jijitan | 细石器、锛状器、石矛头等 | 13000~16000 | 14C、OSL | [ | |
于家沟Yujiagou | 细石器、研磨器、石矛头、 锛状器、尖状器、研磨器、磨光石斧等 | 12170±50 | 14305~13859 | 14C | [ |
13020±40 | 15758~15401 | ||||
柿子滩S9 Shizitan Locality S9 | 细石器、端刮器、刮削器等 | 12700~11600 | 14C | [ | |
水洞沟12地点Shuidonggou Locality 12 | 细石器、研磨器、 磨光石斧、骨器 | 9240±30 | 10508~10264 | 14C | [ |
表1 本文涉及的中国考古遗址信息
Tab.1 Information about Chinese archaeological sites mentioned in this paper
遗址名称Site | 遗物类型Material | 年代数据Uncalibrated (BP) | 校正后数据Calibrated(cal BP) | 测年方法Dating method | 年代文献Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
西山头Xishantou | 石叶石核、石叶、细石器、 尖状器、刮削器 | 23680±170 | 28296~27432 | 14C | [ |
23610±80 | 27895~27648 | ||||
西沙河Xishanhe | 石核、石片、细石器、 端刮器等 | 22680±80 | 27251~26480 | 14C | [ |
22800±90 | 27314~26965 | ||||
22690±90 | 27260~26481 | ||||
23070±90 | 27611~27209 | ||||
柿子滩S29 Shizitan Locality S29 | 石叶、细石器、 研磨器、端刮器等 | 21690±80 | 26230~25800 | 14C | [ |
20010±70 | 24212~23840 | ||||
19650±80 | 23842~23360 | ||||
下川xiachuan | 细石器、研磨器、雕刻器、锛状器、石镞等 | 27000~25000 | 14C | [ | |
龙王辿Longwangchan | 细石器、研磨器、 工具类及装饰品 | 24145±55 | 28617~28007 | 14C | [ |
22230±55 | 26890~26322 | ||||
油房Youfang | 石叶、细石器、端刮器、 尖状器等 | 距今2.6~2.7万年 | OSL | [ | |
西施Xishi | 石叶石核、石叶、细石器、工具等 | 距今约2.5万年 | OSL | [ | |
二道梁Erdaoliang | 细石器、工具、磨制骨锥 | 18085±235 | 22482~21300 | 14C | [ |
林富Linfu | 细石器、雕刻器、端刮器 | 17192±70 | 20908~20549 | 14C | [ |
桃山Taoshan | 细石器、斧形器、锛状器等 | 12580±50 | 15161~14566 | 14C | [ |
13990±50 | 17310~16830 | ||||
籍箕滩Jijitan | 细石器、锛状器、石矛头等 | 13000~16000 | 14C、OSL | [ | |
于家沟Yujiagou | 细石器、研磨器、石矛头、 锛状器、尖状器、研磨器、磨光石斧等 | 12170±50 | 14305~13859 | 14C | [ |
13020±40 | 15758~15401 | ||||
柿子滩S9 Shizitan Locality S9 | 细石器、端刮器、刮削器等 | 12700~11600 | 14C | [ | |
水洞沟12地点Shuidonggou Locality 12 | 细石器、研磨器、 磨光石斧、骨器 | 9240±30 | 10508~10264 | 14C | [ |
图1 不同发展阶段的细石核 材料分别归属于:1.西山头遗址[21];2-4.西沙河遗址[22];5.柿子滩S29地点第7文化层[23];6-7.龙王辿遗址[11];8.柿子滩S29地点第6文化层[23];9-10.下川遗址小白桦圪梁地点[10];11.二道梁遗址[24];12-14.林富遗址[25];15:桃山遗址[26];16.籍箕滩遗址[27];17.于家沟遗址[28];18-21.水洞沟第12地点
Fig.1 Microcores on different developmental stages
图4 综合海洋钻探计划U1308岩芯显示的气候记录[52]与细石叶技术变化示意图
Fig.4 Climate records from integrated ocean drilling program site U1308 and the development of microblade technology
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