人类学学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (02): 255-269.doi: 10.16359/j.1000-3193/AAS.2024.0098cstr: 32091.14.j.1000-3193/AAS.2024.0098
王颖1,2(), 张乐3, 杨石霞1,2, 张双权1,2(
)
收稿日期:
2024-02-06
接受日期:
2024-04-19
出版日期:
2025-04-15
发布日期:
2025-04-15
通讯作者:
张双权,研究员,主要从事脊椎动物埋藏学与旧石器时代动物考古学研究。E-mail: 作者简介:
王颖,博士研究生,主要从事旧石器时代动物考古学和埋藏学研究。E-mail: wangying@ivpp.ac.com
基金资助:
WANG Ying1,2(), ZHANG Yue3, YANG Shixia1,2, ZHANG Shuangquan1,2(
)
Received:
2024-02-06
Accepted:
2024-04-19
Online:
2025-04-15
Published:
2025-04-15
摘要:
峙峪遗址位于山西省朔州市,广义泥河湾盆地的西缘,最新的光释光和14C加速器质谱仪测年结果显示其文化层年代约为45 kaBP。本文系统观察研究了该遗址早年发掘出土的152件动物骨骼的表面痕迹及断裂状态等埋藏学特征,结果显示:1)这批动物遗存受自然营力改造程度低且保留有大量人工痕迹,因此古人类是造成峙峪遗址动物骨骼富集与改造的首要因素;2)峙峪遗址是一处临河的狩猎-屠宰场所,古人类在此对猎物进行了肢解分割及选择性搬运,充分开发利用了这些动物的营养组分;3)峙峪遗址存在一定数量的、被当作骨修饰器(bone retoucher)使用的动物肢骨碎片,但没有发现经过人工有意识打制修整的其他权宜类骨角工具;4)动物骨片上的刻划痕表明,该遗址的古人类存在一定程度的象征行为。
中图分类号:
王颖, 张乐, 杨石霞, 张双权. 山西峙峪遗址出土动物骨骼的埋藏学[J]. 人类学学报, 2025, 44(02): 255-269.
WANG Ying, ZHANG Yue, YANG Shixia, ZHANG Shuangquan. Taphonomy of the animal remains from the Shiyu site, Shanxi[J]. Acta Anthropologica Sinica, 2025, 44(02): 255-269.
骨骼部位 Element | 鹿Cervus sp. | 马Equus sp. | 牛Bos sp. | 总数Total |
---|---|---|---|---|
下颌骨Mandible | 2 | 2 | ||
肋骨Rib | 1 | 2 | 3 | |
肱骨Humerus | 1 | 19 | 2 | 22 |
桡骨Radius | 2 | 11 | 1 | 14 |
股骨Femur | 2 | 2 | 1 | 5 |
胫骨Tibia | 4 | 18 | 22 | |
掌/跖骨Metapodial | 7 | 27 | 2 | 36 |
上中部长骨Upper/Middle long bone | 4 | 39 | 5 | 48 |
总数Total | 20 | 119 | 13 | 152 |
表1 峙峪遗址出土动物骨骼碎片各种属和各部位数量统计
Tab.1 Counts of animal species and elements from the Shiyu site (n)
骨骼部位 Element | 鹿Cervus sp. | 马Equus sp. | 牛Bos sp. | 总数Total |
---|---|---|---|---|
下颌骨Mandible | 2 | 2 | ||
肋骨Rib | 1 | 2 | 3 | |
肱骨Humerus | 1 | 19 | 2 | 22 |
桡骨Radius | 2 | 11 | 1 | 14 |
股骨Femur | 2 | 2 | 1 | 5 |
胫骨Tibia | 4 | 18 | 22 | |
掌/跖骨Metapodial | 7 | 27 | 2 | 36 |
上中部长骨Upper/Middle long bone | 4 | 39 | 5 | 48 |
总数Total | 20 | 119 | 13 | 152 |
图2 各部位NISP出现切割痕(CM)、敲砸痕迹(PM)和敲砸疤(PN)的标本数量及其占比
Fig.2 The number of specimens with cut marks (CM), percussion marks (PM) and percussion notches (PN) and their percentage of each element of NISP
图3 峙峪遗址出土的带有切割痕和刻划痕的标本 A. 488号标本上的切割痕 CM on specimen 488;B. 143号标本的刻划痕迹 Engraved lines on specimen 143;C. 335号标本上的切割痕 CM on specimen 355;D. 438号标本平行于肢骨长轴的切割痕 CM on the specimen 438;E. 282号标本上的切割痕 CM on specimen 282
Fig.3 Specimen with cut marks and engraving from the Shiyu site
图4 峙峪遗址出土带有敲砸类痕迹的标本 A. 306号标本作为骨修饰器使用的痕迹 Bone retoucher(specimen 306);B. 156号标本的敲砸疤以及旁边的敲砸痕 PN and related PM on specimen 156 ;C. 155号标本的敲砸疤以及旁边的敲砸痕 PN and related PM on specimen 155
Fig.4 Specimen with percussion marks
图5 敲砸疤的测量与统计图 A. PN的宽度The width of PN;B. PN的深度The depth of PN;C. 单个标本片疤数量The number of scars on a single specimen
Fig.5 Measurement data and statistics of PN
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