人类学学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (02): 181-192.doi: 10.16359/j.1000-3193/AAS.2025.0014cstr: 32091.14.j.1000-3193/AAS.2025.0014
• 特邀文章 • 下一篇
收稿日期:
2024-08-05
接受日期:
2024-11-08
出版日期:
2025-04-15
发布日期:
2025-04-15
作者简介:
杨石霞,副研究员,主要研究方向为旧石器时代考古、人类行为演化与环境适应。E-mail: yangshixia@ivpp.ac.cn
基金资助:
Received:
2024-08-05
Accepted:
2024-11-08
Online:
2025-04-15
Published:
2025-04-15
摘要:
解剖学意义上的现代人的出现和扩散是人类演化史的关键性事件,备受国际学术界瞩目。“现代人”从与其姐妹种群共存到脱颖而出,成功扩散到了沙漠、热带雨林、高海拔山区等全球多样的生态环境之中,其“前所未有”的行为复杂化和适应能力被认为在其中起到了关键性作用。基于非洲、西亚和欧洲考古学材料,国际学术界建立起对一系列复杂化行为表征的基础认识,并不断探讨如何从“行为现代性”革命最终稳定呈现“现代人行为”。尽管对于东亚地区“现代人行为”发展演化的研究还处于初步探索阶段,但近年来的新研究也不断揭示着其本身丰富的内涵和多样性。纵观“现代人行为”的发展过程,可见其伴随人类体质的发展得到放大和增强,但其本身又在整个人类演化史中以不断累进的方式发展,这种积累甚至一直持续到今天。
中图分类号:
杨石霞. 人类演化中的"行为现代性"与"现代人行为"探讨[J]. 人类学学报, 2025, 44(02): 181-192.
YANG Shixia. Exploration of "behavioral modernity” and “modern human behavior” in human evolution[J]. Acta Anthropologica Sinica, 2025, 44(02): 181-192.
[1] | Roberts P, Stewart BA. Defining the ‘generalist specialist’ niche for Pleistocene Homo sapiens[J]. Nature Human Behaviour, 2018, 2: 542-550 |
[2] |
Zhang XL, Ha BB, Wang SJ, et al. The earliest human occupation of the high-altitude Tibetan Plateau 40 thousand to 30 thousand years ago[J]. Science, 2018, 362(6418): 1049-1051
doi: 10.1126/science.aat8824 pmid: 30498126 |
[3] |
Wedage O, Amano N, Langley MC, et al. Specialized rainforest hunting by Homo sapiens -45,000 years ago[J]. Nature Communications, 2019, 10: 739
doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-08623-1 pmid: 30783099 |
[4] | Stringer C, Galway-Witham J. On the origin of our species[J]. Nature, 2017, 546: 212-214 |
[5] | Kuhlwilm M, Gronau I, Hubisz MJ, et al. Ancient gene flow from early modern humans into eastern Neanderthals[J]. Nature, 2016, 530: 429-433 |
[6] | Delson E, Tattersall I, Couvering J, et al. Encyclopedia of Human Evolution and Prehistory[M]. New York: Garland Publishing, 2000 |
[7] | 邢松. 现代人出现和演化的化石证据[J]. 人类学学报, 2022, 41(6): 1069-1082 |
[8] | 倪喜军. 新证据下的现代人起源模型[J]. 人类学学报, 2022, 41(4): 576-592 |
[9] | Chen F, Welker F, Shen CC, et al. A late Middle Pleistocene Denisovan mandible from the Tibetan Plateau[J]. Nature, 2019, 569: 409-412 |
[10] | Fu Q, Hajdinjak M, Moldovan OT, et al. An early modern human from Romania with a recent Neanderthal ancestor[J]. Nature, 2015, 524: 216-220 |
[11] | Hublin JJ, Ben-Ncer A, Bailey SE, et al. New fossils from Jebel Irhoud, Morocco and the pan-African origin of Homo sapiens[J]. Nature, 2017, 546: 289-292 |
[12] | Bar-Yosef O. The Upper Paleolithic revolution[J]. Annual Review of Anthropology, 2002, 31: 363-393 |
[13] | Mellars P. The impossible coincidence. A single-species model for the origins of modern human behavior in Europe[J]. Evolutionary Anthropology, 2005, 14(1): 12-27 |
[14] | Conard NJ. Cultural evolution during the Middle and Late Pleistocene in Africa and Eurasia[A]. In: Henke W, Tattersall I(Eds). Handbook of Paleoanthropology[C]. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015 |
[15] |
Mcbrearty S, Brooks AS. The revolution that wasn’t: a new interpretation of the origin of modern human behavior[J]. Journal of Human Evolution, 2000, 39(5): 453-563
pmid: 11102266 |
[16] | Scerri EML, Will M. The revolution that still isn't: the origins of behavioral complexity in Homo sapiens[J]. Journal of Human Evolution, 2023, 179: 103358 |
[17] | Scerri EML. The North African Middle Stone Age and its place in recent human evolution[J]. Evolutionary Anthropology Issues News & Reviews, 2017, 26(3): 119-135 |
[18] | Basell LE. Middle Stone Age (MSA) site distributions in eastern Africa and their relationship to Quaternary environmental change, refugia and the evolution of Homo sapiens[J]. Quaternary Science Reviews, 2008, 27(27-28): 2484-2498 |
[19] |
Deino AL, Behrensmeyer AK, Brooks AS, et al. Chronology of the Acheulean to Middle Stone Age transition in eastern Africa[J]. Science, 2018, 360(6384): 95-98
doi: 10.1126/science.aao2216 pmid: 29545510 |
[20] | Marks AE, Volkman P. Changing core reduction strategies: a technological shift from the Middle to the Upper Paleolithic in the southern Levant[A]. In: Trinkaus E(Eds). The Mousterian legacy: human biocultural change in the Upper Pleistocene[C]. Oxford: British Archaeological Reports, 1983, 13-33 |
[21] | Kuhn SL, Zwyns N. Rethinking the Initial Upper Paleolithic[J]. Quaternary International, 2014, 347: 29-38 |
[22] | Hajdinjak M, Mafessoni F, Skov L, et al. Initial Upper Palaeolithic humans in Europe had recent Neanderthal ancestry[J]. Nature, 2021, 592: 253-257 |
[23] | Fu Q, Meyer M, Gao X, et al. DNA analysis of an early modern human from Tianyuan Cave, China[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2013, 110(6): 2223-2227 |
[24] | Shang H, Tong H, Zhang S, et al. An early modern human from Tianyuan Cave, Zhoukoudian, China[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2007, 104(16): 6573-6578 |
[25] | Liu W, Martinón-Torres M, Cai Y, et al. The earliest unequivocally modern humans in southern China[J]. Nature, 2015, 526: 696-670 |
[26] | Liu W, Jin CZ, Zhang YQ, et al. Human remains from Zhirendong, South China, and modern human emergence in East Asia[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2010, 107(45): 19201-19206 |
[27] | Bae CJ, Douka K, Petraglia MD. On the origin of modern humans: Asian perspectives[J]. Science, 2017, 358(6368): eaai9067 |
[28] | Barham LS. From hand to handle: the first industrial revolution[M]. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013 |
[29] | Barton N, d'Errico F. North African origins of symbolically mediated behaviour and the Aterian[J]. Developments in Quaternary Sciences, 2012, 16: 23-34 |
[30] | Deacon HJ, Wurz S. Middle Pleistocene populations and the emergence of modern behaviour[A]. In: Barham LS, Robson-Brown K(Eds). Human roots: Africa and Asia in the Middle Pleistocene[C]. Bristol: Western Academic and Specialist Press, 2001, 55-63 |
[31] | Douze K, Delagnes A, Rots V, et al. A reply to Sahle and Braun's reply to ‘the pattern of emergence of a Middle Stone Age tradition at Gademotta and Kulkuletti (Ethiopia) through convergent tool and point technologies’[J]. Journal of Human Evolution, 2018, 125: 207-214 |
[32] | Sahle Y, Braun DR. A reply to Douze and Delagnes's ‘The pattern of emergence of a Middle Stone Age tradition at Gademotta and Kulkuletti (Ethiopia) through convergent tool and point technologies’[J]. Journal of Human Evolution, 2018, 125: 201-206 |
[33] | d'Errico F, Stringer CB. Evolution, revolution or saltation scenario for the emergence of modern cultures?[A]. In: Andrew W, Hinde RA, Stringer CB, et al(Eds). Culture evolves[C]. Oxford: Oxford Academic, 2011, 215-232 |
[34] |
Wilkins J, Schoville BJ, Brown KS, et al. Evidence for early hafted hunting technology[J]. Science, 2012, 338(6109): 942-946
doi: 10.1126/science.1227608 pmid: 23161998 |
[35] | Wilkins J, Chazan M. Blade production -500 thousand years ago at Kathu Pan 1, South Africa: support for a multiple origins hypothesis for early Middle Pleistocene blade technologies[J]. Journal of Archaeological Science, 2012, 39(6): 1883-1900 |
[36] |
Brooks AS, Yellen JE, Richard P, et al. Long-distance stone transport and pigment use in the earliest Middle Stone Age[J]. Science, 2018, 360(6384): 90-94
doi: 10.1126/science.aao2646 pmid: 29545508 |
[37] | Watts I, Chazan M, Wilkins J. Early evidence for brilliant ritualized display: specularite use in the Northern Cape (South Africa) between similar to 500 and similar to 300 Ka[J]. Current Anthropology, 2016, 57(3): 287-310 |
[38] | Depaepe P. European Middle Paleolithic:geography and culture[A]. In: Smith C(Eds). Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology[C]. New York: Springer, 2014, 2645-2670 |
[39] | Shea JJ. The Middle Paleolithic: early modern humans and Neandertals in the Levant[J]. Near Eastern Archaeology, 2001, 64(1-2): 38-64 |
[40] | Pinhasi R, Higham TFG, Golovanova LV, et al. Revised age of late Neanderthal occupation and the end of the Middle Paleolithic in the northern Caucasus[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2011, 108(21): 8611-8616 |
[41] | Zilhão J, Angelucci DE, Badal-García E, et al. Symbolic use of marine shells and mineral pigments by Iberian Neandertals[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2010, 107(3): 1023-1028 |
[42] | Pitarch Martí A, Zilhão J, d’Errico F, et al. The symbolic role of the underground world among Middle Paleolithic Neanderthals[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2021, 118(33): e2021495118 |
[43] | Gaudzinski-Windheuser S, Noack ES, Pop E, et al. Evidence for close-range hunting by last interglacial Neanderthals[J]. Nature Ecology & Evolution, 2018, 2: 1087-1092 |
[44] | Hoffecker JF. The complexity of Neanderthal technology[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2018, 115(9): 1959-1961 |
[45] | Harvati K, Röding C, Bosman AM, et al. Apidima Cave fossils provide earliest evidence of Homo sapiens in Eurasia[J]. Nature, 2019, 571: 500-504 |
[46] | Kissel M, Fuentes A. ‘Behavioral modernity’ as a process, not an event, in the human niche[J]. Time and Mind, 2018, 11(2): 163-183 |
[47] | Hublin JJ, Sirakov N, Aldeias V, et al. Initial Upper Palaeolithic Homo sapiens from Bacho Kiro Cave, Bulgaria[J]. Nature, 2020, 581: 299-302 |
[48] | Boaretto E, Hernandez M, Goder-Goldberger M, et al. The absolute chronology of Boker Tachtit (Israel) and implications for the Middle to Upper Paleolithic transition in the Levant[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2021, 118(25): e2014657118 |
[49] | Zwyns N. The Initial Upper Paleolithic in central and east Asia: blade technology, cultural transmission, and implications for human dispersals[J]. Journal of Paleolithic Archaeology, 2021, 4: 19 |
[50] | Kuhn SL. Initial Upper Paleolithic: A (near) global problem and a global opportunity[J]. Archaeological Research in Asia, 17: 2-8 |
[51] | 邓成龙, 郝青振, 郭正堂, 等. 中国第四纪综合地层和时间框架[J]. 中国科学:地球科学, 2019, 49(1): 330-352 |
[52] | 刘东生, 施雅风, 王汝建, 等. 以气候变化为标志的中国第四纪地层对比表[J]. 第四纪研究, 2000, 20(2): 108-128 |
[53] | Bar-Yosef O, Wang YP. Paleolithic archaeology in China[J]. Annual Review of Anthropology, 2012, 41(1): 319-335 |
[54] | Zhu ZY, Dennell R, Huang WW, et al. Hominin occupation of the Chinese Loess Plateau since about 2.1 million years ago[J]. Nature, 2018, 559: 608-612 |
[55] | Ikawa-Smith F. Introduction: the Early Paleolithic tradition of East Asia[A]. In: Ikawa-Smith F(Eds). Early Palaeolithic in South and East Asia[C]. Berlin:De Gruyter Mouton, 1978, 1-10 |
[56] | Schick KD, Zhuan D. Early Paleolithic of China and eastern Asia[J]. Evolutionary Anthropology, 1993, 2(1): 22-35 |
[57] | Gao X, Norton CJ. A critique of the Chinese ‘Middle Palaeolithic’[J]. Antiquity, 2015, 76(292): 397-412 |
[58] | Li H, Lotter MG. Lithic production strategies during the late Middle Pleistocene at Dali, Shaanxi Province, China: implications for understanding late archaic humans[J]. Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences, 2019, 11(5): 1701-1712 |
[59] | Li H, Li ZY, Gao X, et al. Technological behavior of the early Late Pleistocene archaic humans at Lingjing (Xuchang, China)[J]. Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences, 2019, 11: 3477-3490 |
[60] | Hu Y, Marwick B, Zhang JF, et al. Late Middle Pleistocene Levallois stone-tool technology in southwest China[J]. Nature, 2019, 565(7737): 82-85 |
[61] | Yang SX, Huang WW, Hou YM, et al. Is the Dingcun lithic assembly a “chopper-chopping tool industry’’, or “Late Acheulian’’?[J]. Quaternary International, 2014, 321: 3-11 |
[62] | Ao H, Rohling EJ, Stringer C, et al. Two-stage mid-Brunhes climate transition and mid-Pleistocene human diversification[J]. Earth-Science Reviews, 2020, 210: 103354 |
[63] |
刘武, 吴秀杰, 邢松. 更新世中期中国古人类演化区域连续性与多样性的化石证据[J]. 人类学学报, 2019, 38: 473-490
doi: 10.16359/j.cnki.cn11-1963/q.2019.0048 |
[64] | Ni XJ, Ji Q, Wu WS, et al. Massive cranium from Harbin in northeastern China establishes a new Middle Pleistocene human lineage[J]. The Innovation, 2021, 2(3): 100130 |
[65] |
Liu W, Lynne AS, Song X, et al. Late Middle Pleistocene hominin teeth from Panxian Dadong, South China[J]. Journal of Human Evolution, 2013, 64(5): 337-355
doi: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2012.10.012 pmid: 23465337 |
[66] | Li ZY, Wu XJ, Zhou LP, et al. Late Pleistocene archaic human crania from Xuchang, China[J]. Science, 2017, 355(6328): 969-972 |
[67] | Wu XJ, Pei SW, Cai YJ, et al. Morphological description and evolutionary significance of 300 ka hominin facial bones from Hualongdong, China[J]. Journal of Human Evolution, 2021, 161: 103052 |
[68] | Wu XJ, Pei SW, Cai YJ, et al. Archaic human remains from Hualongdong, China, and Middle Pleistocene human continuity and variation[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2019, 116(20): 9820-9824 |
[69] | 吴新智. 大荔中更新世人类颅骨[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 2020, 1-205 |
[70] | Trinkaus E, Wu XJ. External auditory exostoses in the Xuchang and Xujiayao human remains: Patterns and implications among eastern Eurasian Middle and Late Pleistocene crania[J]. PLoS ONE, 2017, 9: e0189390 |
[71] | Wu XJ, Schepartz LA, Liu W, et al. Antemortem trauma and survival in the late Middle Pleistocene human cranium from Maba, South China[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2011, 108(49): 19558-19562 |
[72] | Bae JC, Liu W, Wu XJ, et al. “Dragon man” prompts rethinking of Middle Pleistocene hominin systematics in Asia[J]. The Innovation, 2023, 4(6): 100527 |
[73] | Wu XJ, Bae CJ, Friess M, et al. Evolution of cranial capacity revisited: a view from the late Middle Pleistocene cranium from Xujiayao, China[J]. Journal of Human Evolution, 2022, 163: 103119 |
[74] | Hu Y, Fan AC, Shao QF, et al. New age of the Dingcun 54:100 hominin site in northern China[J]. Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports, 2024, 55: 104502 |
[75] | Li ZY, Doyon L, Li H, et al. Engraved bones from the archaic hominin site of Lingjing, Henan Province[J]. Antiquity, 2019, 93: 370 |
[76] | Li F, Kuhn SL, Bar-Yosef O, et al. History, chronology and techno-typology of the Upper Paleolithic sequence in the Shuidonggou Area, northern China[J]. Journal of World Prehistory, 2019, 32: 111-141 |
[77] | Li F, Vanwezer N, Boivin N, et al. Heading north: Late Pleistocene environments and human dispersals in central and eastern Asia[J]. PLoS ONE, 2019, 14(5): e0216433 |
[78] | Peng F, Chen G, Pei S, et al. Initial Upper Paleolithic in North China: new data from Shuidonggou locality 9[J]. Archaeological Research in Asia, 2023, 36: 100484 |
[79] | Niu D, Pei S, Zhang S, et al. The Initial Upper Palaeolithic in Northwest China: new evidence of cultural variability and change from Shuidonggou locality 7[J]. Quaternary International, 2016, 400: 111-119 |
[80] | Li F, Kuhn SL, Chen FY, et al. Raw material economies and mobility patterns in the Late Paleolithic at Shuidonggou locality 2, north China[J]. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology, 2016, 43: 83-93 |
[81] |
Mao X, Zhang H, Qiao S, et al. The deep population history of northern East Asia from the Late Pleistocene to the Holocene[J]. Cell, 2021, 184(12): 3256-3266
doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.04.040 pmid: 34048699 |
[82] | 李锋, 陈福友, 汪英华, 等. 晚更新世晚期中国北方石叶技术所反映的技术扩散与人群迁移[J]. 中国科学:地球科学, 2016, 46: 891-905 |
[83] |
Li F, Petraglia M, Roberts P, et al. The northern dispersal of early modern humans in eastern Eurasia[J]. Science Bulletin, 2020, 65(20): 1699-1701
doi: 10.1016/j.scib.2020.06.026 pmid: 36659239 |
[84] | Kato S. The Shuidonggou Industry and IUP in China[A]. 2021-11-7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.21776.52484/1 |
[85] | Zhang P, Zwyns N, Peng F, et al. After the blades: the late MIS3 flake-based technology at Shuidonggou Locality 2, North China[J]. PLoS ONE, 17(10): e0274777 |
[86] | Yang SX, Zhang JF, Yue JP, et al. Initial Upper Palaeolithic material culture by 45,000 years ago at Shiyu in northern China[J]. Nature Ecology & Evolution, 2024, 8: 552-563 |
[87] | Wang FG, Yang SX, Ge JY, et al. Innovative ochre processing and tool use i China 40,000 years ago[J]. Nature, 2022, 603: 284-289 |
[88] | 杨石霞, Petraglia M, 邓成龙. 深海氧同位素3阶段中国北方人群扩散与行为适应[J]. 科学通报, 2024, 69(28-29): 4257-4266 |
[89] | Kelly RL. 第五次开始[M]. 译者:徐坚. 北京: 中信出版社, 2018 |
[1] | 支媛, 杜水生, 刘吉颖. 南非石器时代中期人类对动物资源的开发[J]. 人类学学报, 2025, 44(02): 352-364. |
[2] | 孙琦雅慧, 邢松. 广西通天岩洞穴遗址柳江人的多生齿[J]. 人类学学报, 2024, 43(06): 1027-1037. |
[3] | 张亚盟, 吴秀杰. 中国晚更新世早期现代人内耳迷路的形态变异[J]. 人类学学报, 2024, 43(06): 1038-1047. |
[4] | 刘武. 二十一世纪中国人类演化研究的发现、认识与理论探索[J]. 人类学学报, 2024, 43(06): 881-899. |
[5] | 王伟. 华南地区现代人化石及其时代[J]. 人类学学报, 2024, 43(06): 934-950. |
[6] | 李锋. 早期现代人向东亚扩散北方路线的研究进展与展望[J]. 人类学学报, 2024, 43(06): 951-966. |
[7] | 李浩, 肖培源, 彭培洺, 王雨晴, 陈清懿, Ikram QAYUM, 贾真秀, 阮齐军, 陈发虎. 西南丝绸之路上的旧石器文化与人群交流[J]. 人类学学报, 2024, 43(06): 979-992. |
[8] | 肖培源, 阮齐军, 高玉, 贾真秀, 张明, 杨李靖, 刘建辉, 李三灵, 李浩. 2022年云南宾川盆地旧石器遗址调查报告[J]. 人类学学报, 2024, 43(03): 448-457. |
[9] | 王法岗, 杨石霞, 葛俊逸, 岳健平, 赵克良, Andreu Ollé, 李文艳, 杨海勇, 刘连强, 关莹, 谢飞, Francesco d’Errico, Michael Petraglia, 邓成龙. 泥河湾盆地下马碑遗址2013年发掘简报[J]. 人类学学报, 2024, 43(01): 143-156. |
[10] | 张明, 平婉菁, YANG Melinda Anna, 付巧妹. 古基因组揭示史前欧亚大陆现代人复杂遗传历史[J]. 人类学学报, 2023, 42(03): 412-421. |
[11] | 杜抱朴, 殷钰喆, 谭伊, 张宇格, 范博, 姚植正, 郭航. 中国现代人群两性身高差异分布及其影响因素[J]. 人类学学报, 2023, 42(02): 191-200. |
[12] | 孙晓璠, 张全超, 牟萍媛, 杨及耘, 曹俊. 山西洪洞西冯堡清代墓地缠足女性的骨骼损伤和关节疾病[J]. 人类学学报, 2023, 42(02): 201-213. |
[13] | 邢松. 现代人出现和演化的化石证据[J]. 人类学学报, 2022, 41(06): 1069-1082. |
[14] | 裴树文, 蔡演军, 董哲, 同号文, 盛锦朝, 金泽田, 吴秀杰, 刘武. 安徽东至华龙洞遗址洞穴演化与古人类活动[J]. 人类学学报, 2022, 41(04): 593-607. |
[15] | 李浩. 探究早期现代人的南方扩散路线[J]. 人类学学报, 2022, 41(04): 630-648. |
阅读次数 | ||||||
全文 |
|
|||||
摘要 |
|
|||||