Abstract: To test gene exchange between Equatorial and Mongolian populations in ancient continental China, Equatorial racial characters are examined and average frequencies of Equatorial racial characters are calculated for each of 8 cranial sample groups in this study. The results indicate that: 1) Equatorial racial characters can be found in the samples from ancient and modern China , and gene exchange events occurred in ancient continent China as early as 3000~2000 years BP. 2) The average frequencies of Equatorial racial characters decrease in the ancient populations from eastern to western, and appear a reverse pattern when compared with their average frequencies of Eurasian racial characters. An overlapping model, opposite gene flows occurring during the periods of 3000~2000 BP, is proposed.

Key words: Ancient populations; Equatorial racial characters; Gene exchange between Equatorial and Mongolian populations; Gene flows