Abstract: The Mopanshan site is in a Neolithic settlement in the Yuanmou basin, Yunnan Province. Based on physical anthropology researches of six Neolithic human skeletons exhumed from the site, the following conclusions can be made. Skull shape and physical characteristics of Mopan group are described as mesocranial, orthocephaly, broad forehead type, euryene, chamaerrhine, and mesoconch with relatively high degree of facial flatness. This Mopanshan group belongs to the Mongolian type, with close similarities to the South Asian, North Asian and Northeast Asian types. Compared to recent Mongolian groups, the Mopanshan is most closely related to the Guangxi Zhuang nationality group. Compared to other Neolithic groups, these finds are similar to the Zengpiyan and Liyudun groups that represent the ancient South China type.

Key words: Human skeletons; Neolithic; Race; Pathology