Abstract: A physical anthropological study o f 303 male and 298 female Mongols (aged 20_ 60) living in the urban and rural areas of Chifeng , Inner Mongolia w as carried out from July to September of 1996. Observational items and 36 measurements were investigated.
The results can be summarized briefly as follows:
1. The nonmetric and metric data as w ell as the data o f various indices are presented in tables.
2. Compared with the materials 58 y ears ag o , the stature of male Mongols has in- creased by 5. 08cm with an increasing rate o f 0. 9cm each decade. Other metrical values have also increased obviously.
3. The level o f the physique of the urban Mongols are better than those in rural area.
4. The cluster of kinship matrix o f Mongols and other 11 nationalities in China was made with 11 items o f the cephalofacial measurements. The result shows that Mongols of Chifeng is nearer to the Xibe and Chaoxian and farther from Ewenke, Elunchun, Zang ( Tibetan) and Han nationalities.

Key words: Somatoscopy, Anthropometry , Body type, Index , Mongol nationality