To explore the characteristics of the digit ratio(R) and its fluctuating asymmetry for college students majoring in physical education, so as to accumulate basic data for the study of physical anthropology and the physical characteristics of elite athletes, the subjects of this study were Han nationality college students aged 18 years and 25 years old with normal development (n=374). According to their major and sex, they were divided into male sports group (n=60), male general department group (n=143), female sports group (n=61) and female general department group (n=110). Length of the second digit to the fifth digit (L₂, L₃, L₄ and L₅) was measured by Photoshop 8.0 image processing software, and the fluctuation asymmetrical values of 6 finger length ratios (R) and bilateral finger length ratios were calculated. The normal distribution test, two independent samples T test and Mann-Whitney test of were carried out by SPSS 23.0 statistical software. The result shows there was significant difference in finger length ratios between male sports group and male general department group (P<0.05), which was mainly manifested in R_2/5, R_3/5 and R_4/5, but there was no significant difference in finger length ratios between female sports group and female general department group (P>0.05). The result also shows there was significant difference in the deviation of fluctuation asymmetrical values (σ) between male sports group and male general department group (P<0.05), and the difference was mainly manifested in σ_2/3 and σ_3/5. There was no significant difference in the σ value between the female sports group and the female general department group (P>0.05). The study shows that the the digit ratio and its σ are related to sex and sport ability. R_3/5 and σ_3/5 may be related to the exposure level of sex hormones during early growth and development, and they are expected to become new biomarkers for athlete selection.