Acta Anthropologica Sinica ›› 2024, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (05): 839-852.doi: 10.16359/j.1000-3193/AAS.2024.0076
• Excavation / Investigation Reports • Previous Articles Next Articles
HAN Fang1,2(), LI Jiyuan3(
), QIAO Hong3, XU Hailun2, HE Honglin2, GAO Xuan2, LYU Hongliang1,2, DU Zhanwei1,2, CAI Linhai3, ZHEN Qiang3, MA Wenling3
Received:
2024-02-06
Revised:
2024-06-15
Online:
2024-10-15
Published:
2024-10-10
Contact:
LI Jiyuan
E-mail:hanf@scu.edu.cn;382020591@qq.com
CLC Number:
HAN Fang, LI Jiyuan, QIAO Hong, XU Hailun, HE Honglin, GAO Xuan, LYU Hongliang, DU Zhanwei, CAI Linhai, ZHEN Qiang, MA Wenling. New discoveries of microblade sites in the Qinghai Lake region[J]. Acta Anthropologica Sinica, 2024, 43(05): 839-852.
Add to citation manager EndNote|Ris|BibTeX
URL: https://www.anthropol.ac.cn/EN/10.16359/j.1000-3193/AAS.2024.0076
地点Localities → 类型Types ↓ | 第1地点Loc. 1 | 第2地点Loc.2 | 第3地点Loc.3 | 第4地点Loc.4 | 第5地点Loc.5 | 第6地点Loc.6 | 第7地点Loc.7 | 第9地点Loc.9 | |||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
数量n | 占比% | 数量n | 占比% | 数量n | 占比% | 数量n | 占比% | 数量n | 占比% | 数量n | 占比% | 数量n | 占比% | 数量n | 占比% | ||||||||
完整石片complete flake | 4 | 8.33% | 9 | 6.82% | 13 | 6.63% | 1 | 16.67% | 1 | 0.24% | 2 | 100% | |||||||||||
不完整石片flake fragment | 16 | 33.33% | 34 | 25.76% | 47 | 23.98% | 1 | 16.67% | 82 | 19.48% | 3 | 30% | |||||||||||
细石叶microblade | 1 | 2.08% | 11 | 8.33% | 5 | 2.55% | 24 | 5.70% | |||||||||||||||
碎屑debris | 7 | 14.58% | 65 | 49.24% | 93 | 47.45% | 1 | 16.67% | 1 | 20% | 191 | 45.37% | 4 | 40% | |||||||||
断块shatter | 7 | 14.58% | 23 | 11.73% | 2 | 33.33% | 3 | 60% | 109 | 25.89% | 3 | 30% | |||||||||||
石核断块core fragment | 2 | 4.17% | 1 | 0.51% | 3 | 0.71% | |||||||||||||||||
单台面石核singer platform core | 1 | 2.08% | 1 | 0.76% | 1 | 0.51% | |||||||||||||||||
细石核microblade core | 1 | 2.08% | 1 | 0.24% | |||||||||||||||||||
端刮器endscraper | 3 | 6.25% | 6 | 4.55% | 5 | 2.55% | 1 | 16.67% | 7 | 1.66% | |||||||||||||
边刮器sidescraper | 5 | 10.42% | 3 | 2.27% | 5 | 2.55% | 2 | 0.48% | |||||||||||||||
作业面更新石片overshot flake | 1 | 2.08% | 3 | 2.27% | 1 | 20% | |||||||||||||||||
台面更新石片tablet | 1 | 0.51% | |||||||||||||||||||||
尖状器point | 1 | 0.51% | 1 | 0.24% | |||||||||||||||||||
砍砸器chopper | 1 | 0.51% | |||||||||||||||||||||
合计total | 48 | 132 | 196 | 6 | 5 | 421 | 10 | 2 | |||||||||||||||
石英岩quartzite | 16 | 33% | 40 | 30.30% | 55 | 28.06% | 3 | 50% | 235 | 55.82% | 7 | 70% | 2 | 100% | |||||||||
燧石chert | 28 | 58.33% | 83 | 62.88% | 127 | 64.80% | 2 | 33.33% | 5 | 100% | 159 | 37.77% | 3 | 30% | |||||||||
石英quartz | 1 | 2.08% | 6 | 4.55% | 3 | 0.71% | |||||||||||||||||
玛瑙agate | 1 | 2.08% | 1 | 0.51% | 1 | 0.24% | |||||||||||||||||
硅质细砂岩siliceous fine sandstone | 2 | 4.16% | 2 | 1.52% | 13 | 6.63% | 1 | 0.24% | |||||||||||||||
N/A | 1 | 0.76% | 5 | 1.19% | |||||||||||||||||||
砂岩sandstone | 1 | 16.67% | 13 | 3.09% | |||||||||||||||||||
石英砂岩quartz sandstone | 4 | 0.95% | |||||||||||||||||||||
合计total | 48 | 132 | 196 | 6 | 5 | 421 | 10 | 2 |
Tab.1 Types of lithics and raw materials from surface of Dayu Localities
地点Localities → 类型Types ↓ | 第1地点Loc. 1 | 第2地点Loc.2 | 第3地点Loc.3 | 第4地点Loc.4 | 第5地点Loc.5 | 第6地点Loc.6 | 第7地点Loc.7 | 第9地点Loc.9 | |||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
数量n | 占比% | 数量n | 占比% | 数量n | 占比% | 数量n | 占比% | 数量n | 占比% | 数量n | 占比% | 数量n | 占比% | 数量n | 占比% | ||||||||
完整石片complete flake | 4 | 8.33% | 9 | 6.82% | 13 | 6.63% | 1 | 16.67% | 1 | 0.24% | 2 | 100% | |||||||||||
不完整石片flake fragment | 16 | 33.33% | 34 | 25.76% | 47 | 23.98% | 1 | 16.67% | 82 | 19.48% | 3 | 30% | |||||||||||
细石叶microblade | 1 | 2.08% | 11 | 8.33% | 5 | 2.55% | 24 | 5.70% | |||||||||||||||
碎屑debris | 7 | 14.58% | 65 | 49.24% | 93 | 47.45% | 1 | 16.67% | 1 | 20% | 191 | 45.37% | 4 | 40% | |||||||||
断块shatter | 7 | 14.58% | 23 | 11.73% | 2 | 33.33% | 3 | 60% | 109 | 25.89% | 3 | 30% | |||||||||||
石核断块core fragment | 2 | 4.17% | 1 | 0.51% | 3 | 0.71% | |||||||||||||||||
单台面石核singer platform core | 1 | 2.08% | 1 | 0.76% | 1 | 0.51% | |||||||||||||||||
细石核microblade core | 1 | 2.08% | 1 | 0.24% | |||||||||||||||||||
端刮器endscraper | 3 | 6.25% | 6 | 4.55% | 5 | 2.55% | 1 | 16.67% | 7 | 1.66% | |||||||||||||
边刮器sidescraper | 5 | 10.42% | 3 | 2.27% | 5 | 2.55% | 2 | 0.48% | |||||||||||||||
作业面更新石片overshot flake | 1 | 2.08% | 3 | 2.27% | 1 | 20% | |||||||||||||||||
台面更新石片tablet | 1 | 0.51% | |||||||||||||||||||||
尖状器point | 1 | 0.51% | 1 | 0.24% | |||||||||||||||||||
砍砸器chopper | 1 | 0.51% | |||||||||||||||||||||
合计total | 48 | 132 | 196 | 6 | 5 | 421 | 10 | 2 | |||||||||||||||
石英岩quartzite | 16 | 33% | 40 | 30.30% | 55 | 28.06% | 3 | 50% | 235 | 55.82% | 7 | 70% | 2 | 100% | |||||||||
燧石chert | 28 | 58.33% | 83 | 62.88% | 127 | 64.80% | 2 | 33.33% | 5 | 100% | 159 | 37.77% | 3 | 30% | |||||||||
石英quartz | 1 | 2.08% | 6 | 4.55% | 3 | 0.71% | |||||||||||||||||
玛瑙agate | 1 | 2.08% | 1 | 0.51% | 1 | 0.24% | |||||||||||||||||
硅质细砂岩siliceous fine sandstone | 2 | 4.16% | 2 | 1.52% | 13 | 6.63% | 1 | 0.24% | |||||||||||||||
N/A | 1 | 0.76% | 5 | 1.19% | |||||||||||||||||||
砂岩sandstone | 1 | 16.67% | 13 | 3.09% | |||||||||||||||||||
石英砂岩quartz sandstone | 4 | 0.95% | |||||||||||||||||||||
合计total | 48 | 132 | 196 | 6 | 5 | 421 | 10 | 2 |
层位Layers → 类型Types ↓ | 地表 surface | layer 2 | layer 3 | layer 4 | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
数量n | 占比% | 数量n | 占比% | 数量n | 占比% | 数量n | 占比% | ||||
完整石片complete flake | 1 | 0.69% | 2 | 2.08% | |||||||
不完整石片flake fragment | 75 | 52.08% | 35 | 36.46% | 134 | 29.19% | 25 | 56.82% | |||
细石叶microblade | 9 | 6.25% | 5 | 5.21% | 20 | 4.36% | 5 | 11.36% | |||
碎屑debris | 37 | 25.69% | 20 | 20.83% | 191 | 41.61% | 12 | 27.27% | |||
断块shatter | 7 | 4.86% | 11 | 11.46% | 73 | 15.90% | 1 | 2.27% | |||
自然砾石pebble | 22 | 22.92% | 30 | 6.54% | |||||||
石核断块core fragment | 1 | 0.69% | 1 | 0.22% | |||||||
单台面石核singer platform core | 1 | 0.69% | 1 | 1.04% | 2 | 0.44% | 1 | 2.27% | |||
双台面石核double platform core | 1 | 0.69% | |||||||||
细石核microblade core | 1 | 0.69% | 3 | 0.66% | |||||||
端刮器endscraper | 6 | 4.17% | 2 | 0.44% | |||||||
边刮器sidescraper | 4 | 2.78% | 3 | 0.66% | |||||||
台面更新石片tablet | 1 | 0.69% | |||||||||
合计total | 144 | 96 | 459 | 44 |
Tab.2 Lithics from the Dayu Locality 8
层位Layers → 类型Types ↓ | 地表 surface | layer 2 | layer 3 | layer 4 | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
数量n | 占比% | 数量n | 占比% | 数量n | 占比% | 数量n | 占比% | ||||
完整石片complete flake | 1 | 0.69% | 2 | 2.08% | |||||||
不完整石片flake fragment | 75 | 52.08% | 35 | 36.46% | 134 | 29.19% | 25 | 56.82% | |||
细石叶microblade | 9 | 6.25% | 5 | 5.21% | 20 | 4.36% | 5 | 11.36% | |||
碎屑debris | 37 | 25.69% | 20 | 20.83% | 191 | 41.61% | 12 | 27.27% | |||
断块shatter | 7 | 4.86% | 11 | 11.46% | 73 | 15.90% | 1 | 2.27% | |||
自然砾石pebble | 22 | 22.92% | 30 | 6.54% | |||||||
石核断块core fragment | 1 | 0.69% | 1 | 0.22% | |||||||
单台面石核singer platform core | 1 | 0.69% | 1 | 1.04% | 2 | 0.44% | 1 | 2.27% | |||
双台面石核double platform core | 1 | 0.69% | |||||||||
细石核microblade core | 1 | 0.69% | 3 | 0.66% | |||||||
端刮器endscraper | 6 | 4.17% | 2 | 0.44% | |||||||
边刮器sidescraper | 4 | 2.78% | 3 | 0.66% | |||||||
台面更新石片tablet | 1 | 0.69% | |||||||||
合计total | 144 | 96 | 459 | 44 |
层位Layers → 类型Types ↓ | 地表 surface | layer 2 | layer 3 | layer 4 | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
数量n | 占比% | 数量n | 占比% | 数量n | 占比% | 数量n | 占比% | ||||
石英岩quartzite | 76 | 52.78% | 33 | 34.48% | 305 | 66.45% | 38 | 83.36% | |||
燧石chert | 66 | 45.83% | 42 | 43.75% | 121 | 26.36% | 6 | 13.64% | |||
石英quartz | 1 | 0.69% | 2 | 0.44% | |||||||
玛瑙agate | 1 | 0.22% | |||||||||
硅质细砂岩siliceous fine sandstone | 1 | 0.69% | |||||||||
N/A | 1 | 0.22% | |||||||||
砂岩sandstone | 1 | 0.22% | |||||||||
石英砂岩quartz sandstone | |||||||||||
自然砾石 cobble | 21 | 21.88% | 28 | 6.10% |
Tab.3 Raw materials from the Dayu Locality 8
层位Layers → 类型Types ↓ | 地表 surface | layer 2 | layer 3 | layer 4 | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
数量n | 占比% | 数量n | 占比% | 数量n | 占比% | 数量n | 占比% | ||||
石英岩quartzite | 76 | 52.78% | 33 | 34.48% | 305 | 66.45% | 38 | 83.36% | |||
燧石chert | 66 | 45.83% | 42 | 43.75% | 121 | 26.36% | 6 | 13.64% | |||
石英quartz | 1 | 0.69% | 2 | 0.44% | |||||||
玛瑙agate | 1 | 0.22% | |||||||||
硅质细砂岩siliceous fine sandstone | 1 | 0.69% | |||||||||
N/A | 1 | 0.22% | |||||||||
砂岩sandstone | 1 | 0.22% | |||||||||
石英砂岩quartz sandstone | |||||||||||
自然砾石 cobble | 21 | 21.88% | 28 | 6.10% |
实验室编号Lab No. | 层位Layer | AMS 14C 年代Age | 误差Error | 校正年代Calibrated date(BP cal, 95.4%) | 样品sample |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Beta-681736 | 3 | 8630 | 30 | 9678-9536 | 炭屑 |
Beta-681737 | 4 | 8470 | 30 | 9535-9446 | 骨骼 |
Tab.4 Dating results of the Dayu Locality 8
实验室编号Lab No. | 层位Layer | AMS 14C 年代Age | 误差Error | 校正年代Calibrated date(BP cal, 95.4%) | 样品sample |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Beta-681736 | 3 | 8630 | 30 | 9678-9536 | 炭屑 |
Beta-681737 | 4 | 8470 | 30 | 9535-9446 | 骨骼 |
[1] | Madsen DB, Ma HZ, Brantingham PJ, et al. The late Upper Paleolithic occupation of the northern Tibetan Plateau margin[J]. Archaeological Science, 2006, 33(10): 1433-1444 |
[2] | Brantingham. PJ, Gao X, Olsen JW, et al. A short chronology for the peopling of the Tibetan Plateau[J]. In: Madsen DB, Chen FH, Gao X(ed). Developments in Quaternary Science[J]. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2007, 129-150 |
[3] | Brantingham PJ, Gao X, Madsen DB, et al. Late occupation of the high-elevation Northern Tibetan Plateau based on cosmogenic, luminescence, and radiocarbon ages[J]. Geoarchaeology, 2013, 28(5): 413-431 |
[4] | Rhode D, Zhang HY, Madsen DB, et al. Epipaleolithic/early Neolithic settlements at Qinghai Lake, western China[J]. Journal of Archaeological Science. 2007, 34(4): 600-612 |
[5] | Zhang DJ, Dong GH, Wang H, et al. History and possible mechanisms of prehistoric human migration to the Tibetan Plateau[J]. Science China: Earth Sciences. 2016, 59(9): 1765-1778 |
[6] | Sun MJ, Hou GL, Chen YC, et al. Prehistoric human occupation and adaptation on the hinterland of the Tibetan Plateau in the Early Holocene[J]. Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment. 2023, 47(6): 931-949 |
[7] | 仪明洁, 高星, 张晓凌, 等. 青藏高原边缘地区史前遗址2009年调查试掘报告[J]. 人类学学报, 2011, 30(2): 124-136 |
[8] | 青海省地方志编纂委员会. 青海湖志[M]. 西宁: 青海人民出版社,1998 |
[9] | 海晏县志编纂委员会. 海晏县志[M]. 兰州: 甘肃文化出版社,1994 |
[10] | Bronk Ramsey C. Bayesian analysis of radiocarbon dates[J]. Radiocarbon, 2009, 51(1): 337-360 |
[11] |
Reimer PJ, Austin WEN, Bard E, et al. The IntCal20 Northern Hemisphere radiocarbon age calibration curve (0-55 kcal BP)[J]. Radiocarbon, 2020, 62(4): 725-757
doi: 10.1017/RDC.2020.41 |
[12] | Wang J, Xia H, Yao JT, et al. Subsistence strategies of prehistoric hunter-gatherers on the Tibetan Plateau during the Last Deglaciation[J]. Science China Earth Sciences, 2019, 63(3): 395-404 |
[13] | 乙海琳, 宋艳波, 肖永明. 青海化隆县沙隆卡遗址动物遗存研究[J]. 北方文物, 2020, 5: 66-77 |
[1] | ZHANG Yue, ZHANG Shuangquan. Bone artifacts unearthed from the Chuandong cave site in Puding of Guizhou in 1981 [J]. Acta Anthropologica Sinica, 2024, 43(06): 1048-1063. |
[2] | YI Mingjie, CAO Yu. A discussion on the origin, dichotomous pattern of microblade technology and the environmental drivers [J]. Acta Anthropologica Sinica, 2024, 43(03): 355-366. |
[3] | WANG Hua, LI Zhanyang, Thijs van KOLFSCHOTEN. Comparison of bone artifacts from the Schöningen site in Germany and the Lingjing site in China [J]. Acta Anthropologica Sinica, 2024, 43(02): 214-232. |
[4] | AI Lan, TIAN Chun, LI Dawei, LI Jinyan, WANG Wei. An excavation report of the Dingmo site in Tiandong of Guangxi [J]. Acta Anthropologica Sinica, 2024, 43(02): 298-313. |
[5] | FENG Yue, MEI Huijie, XIE Fei, SUN Xiuli, WANG Youping. Preliminary Results of the 1997-1998 Excavation of the Ma’anshan Site in Yangyuan, Hebei [J]. Acta Anthropologica Sinica, 2024, 43(01): 67-80. |
[6] | YI Mingjie, YU Guanyue, CHEN Fuyou, ZHANG Xiaoling. Stone artifacts unearthed from the Baixigou site in the Nihewan Basin [J]. Acta Anthropologica Sinica, 2023, 42(05): 590-603. |
[7] | DU Shuisheng, ZHANG Ting, REN Haiyun. 2014 excavation report of the Fuyihegeliang Locality Pit 3 of Xiachuan site, Shanxi [J]. Acta Anthropologica Sinica, 2023, 42(05): 638-650. |
[8] | ZENG Chenru, YI Mingjie, GAO Xing. Current status and reflection on the study of microblade function [J]. Acta Anthropologica Sinica, 2023, 42(04): 554-563. |
[9] | TONG Guang, LI Feng, GAO Xing. An experimental study of the flaking-by-pressing technology of wedge-shaped microcores [J]. Acta Anthropologica Sinica, 2023, 42(03): 305-316. |
[10] | GAO Yao, WANG Hua, LANG Jianfeng. Utilization of the Chinese water deer of early Holocene by human from the Xiaogao site, Shandong Province [J]. Acta Anthropologica Sinica, 2023, 42(02): 238-247. |
[11] | ZHANG Yue, WU Xiujie, ZHANG Shuangquan. A study of the bone awl from the Ziyang Man site, Sichuan Province [J]. Acta Anthropologica Sinica, 2023, 42(01): 1-14. |
[12] | TONG Guang, LI Feng, GAO Xing. Review and prospective of the experimental study on the simulated flaking of wedge-shaped microblade cores in Northeast Asia [J]. Acta Anthropologica Sinica, 2023, 42(01): 129-136. |
[13] | YANG Shixia, HUAN Faxiang, WANG Hong, WU Zhenyu, LU Xiaohong, LI Jingya. Reduction strategy of the microblade cores from the Xiqiaoshan site in Guangdong [J]. Acta Anthropologica Sinica, 2022, 41(05): 804-815. |
[14] | FENG Yue, HUANG Fen, LI Wencheng, DENG Wanwen, LIU Tuo, ZHANG Jiafu, LEI Huarui, YU jianjun, WANG Youping. New discoveries from the Qijiaojing site of Hami, Xijiang in 2019 [J]. Acta Anthropologica Sinica, 2021, 40(06): 1086-1095. |
[15] | LIANG Qiyao, ZHANG Wei, CHEN Quanjia, TIAN He. Bone artifacts of the Honghe site in Qiqihar, Heilongjiang [J]. Acta Anthropologica Sinica, 2021, 40(05): 751-763. |
Viewed | ||||||
Full text |
|
|||||
Abstract |
|
|||||