Skull morphology of the residents from the Shuanghuaishu site in Henan

doi:10.16359/j.1000-3193/AAS.2025.0051

Abstract

Abstract:

The skulls of the Yangshao culture excavated from the Shuanghuaishu site were observed and measured. The skull features of the Shuanghuaishu group are characterized by a middle cranial type, medium broad nose type, lower medium orbital type, broad palate type, medium to large facial flatness, flat jaw type, weak eyebrow arch development, round and blunt orbital margin, simple cranial parietal suture, weakly developed canine fossa and nasopharyngeal fossa. The residents of the Shuanghuaishu site exhibited a mixture of East Asian and South Asian types of modern Asian Mongoloids, and their physiques were similar to those of the modern population in South China. When compared with ancient groups, the male group from Shuanghuaishu is most closely related to the combined Yangshao group, the Xishan group, the Wanggou group, and the Sunzhuang group. Similar conclusions can be drawn for the female group. After comprehensive analysis, we conclude that the ancient residents of the Shuanghuaishu site belong to the “Paleo-Central Plains type” group. During the late Neolithic period, the ancient residents in the middle reaches of the Yellow River showed relatively consistent ethnographic characteristics.

Key words: Shuanghuaishu site, skull, morphology

CLC Number:

Q983

ZHOU Yawei, FU Rongyu, GU Wanfa. Skull morphology of the residents from the Shuanghuaishu site in Henan[J]. Acta Anthropologica Sinica, 2026, 45(04): 683-694.

Figures/Tables 9

References 35

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人群Peoples → 马丁号Martin No. ↓	双槐树 Shuang huaishu	华北 North China	蒙古 Mongolia	因纽特Inuit	通古斯Tungus	华南 South China	藏族A组 Zang A	藏族B组 Zang B	湖南 Hunan	广西壮族 Guangxi Zhuang	抚顺 Fushun	同种系标准差δ
1	176.33	178.50	182.20	181.80	185.50	179.90	174.80	185.50	179.51	178.28	180.80	5.73
8	137.33	138.20	149.00	140.70	145.70	140.90	139.40	139.40	141.18	140.58	139.70	4.76
17	[134.61]	137.20	131.40	135.00	126.30	137.80	131.20	134.10	134.82	136.61	139.20	5.69
9	91.29	89.40	94.30	94.90	90.60	91.50	92.60	94.30	93.12	94.29	90.80	4.05
45	135.00	132.70	141.80	137.50	141.60	136.60	130.40	137.50	134.45	135.48	134.30	4.57
48	73.45	75.30	78.00	77.50	75.74	73.82	69.40	76.50	72.03	69.38	76.20	4.15
52	33.50	35.50	35.80	35.90	35.00	34.60	35.00	36.70	34.37	33.89	35.50	1.91
51	41.23	44.00	43.20	43.40	43.00	42.10	41.50	43.40	42.38	43.03	42.90	1.67
54	24.26	25.00	27.40	24.40	27.10	25.25	25.70	27.10	26.39	26.23	25.70	1.77
55	50.76	55.30	56.50	54.60	55.30	52.60	51.00	54.90	53.94	51.77	55.10	2.92
72	87.00	83.39	87.50	83.80	86.60	84.70	87.40	85.70	84.71	84.60	83.60	3.24
8:1	77.95	77.56	82.00	77.60	78.70	78.75	79.80	75.30	78.65	79.06	77.30	2.67
17:1	[74.39]	77.02	[72.12]	74.26	68.09	[76.60]	75.10	72.10	74.80	76.57	77.10	2.94
17:8	[94.98]	99.53	[88.19]	95.95	86.68	[97.80]	94.10	96.30	95.50	94.82	100.00	4.30
9:8	68.51	[64.69]	[63.29]	67.45	62.25	[64.69]	66.60	68.10	65.96	[67.07]	[65.00]	3.29
48:45	53.33	56.80	55.01	56.07	53.25	55.70	53.70	55.60	53.57	51.31	56.80	3.30
52:51	78.86	80.66	82.90	83.00	81.50	84.90	84.20	84.60	81.10	79.01	83.00	5.05
54:55	48.76	45.23	48.60	44.80	49.40	47.40	50.40	49.40	48.92	53.82	46.90	3.82

人群Peoples → 马丁号Martin No. ↓	双槐树 Shuang huaishu	华北 North China	蒙古 Mongolia	因纽特Inuit	通古斯Tungus	华南 South China	藏族A组 Zang A	藏族B组 Zang B	湖南 Hunan	广西壮族 Guangxi Zhuang	抚顺 Fushun	同种系标准差δ
1	176.33	178.50	182.20	181.80	185.50	179.90	174.80	185.50	179.51	178.28	180.80	5.73
8	137.33	138.20	149.00	140.70	145.70	140.90	139.40	139.40	141.18	140.58	139.70	4.76
17	[134.61]	137.20	131.40	135.00	126.30	137.80	131.20	134.10	134.82	136.61	139.20	5.69
9	91.29	89.40	94.30	94.90	90.60	91.50	92.60	94.30	93.12	94.29	90.80	4.05
45	135.00	132.70	141.80	137.50	141.60	136.60	130.40	137.50	134.45	135.48	134.30	4.57
48	73.45	75.30	78.00	77.50	75.74	73.82	69.40	76.50	72.03	69.38	76.20	4.15
52	33.50	35.50	35.80	35.90	35.00	34.60	35.00	36.70	34.37	33.89	35.50	1.91
51	41.23	44.00	43.20	43.40	43.00	42.10	41.50	43.40	42.38	43.03	42.90	1.67
54	24.26	25.00	27.40	24.40	27.10	25.25	25.70	27.10	26.39	26.23	25.70	1.77
55	50.76	55.30	56.50	54.60	55.30	52.60	51.00	54.90	53.94	51.77	55.10	2.92
72	87.00	83.39	87.50	83.80	86.60	84.70	87.40	85.70	84.71	84.60	83.60	3.24
8:1	77.95	77.56	82.00	77.60	78.70	78.75	79.80	75.30	78.65	79.06	77.30	2.67
17:1	[74.39]	77.02	[72.12]	74.26	68.09	[76.60]	75.10	72.10	74.80	76.57	77.10	2.94
17:8	[94.98]	99.53	[88.19]	95.95	86.68	[97.80]	94.10	96.30	95.50	94.82	100.00	4.30
9:8	68.51	[64.69]	[63.29]	67.45	62.25	[64.69]	66.60	68.10	65.96	[67.07]	[65.00]	3.29
48:45	53.33	56.80	55.01	56.07	53.25	55.70	53.70	55.60	53.57	51.31	56.80	3.30
52:51	78.86	80.66	82.90	83.00	81.50	84.90	84.20	84.60	81.10	79.01	83.00	5.05
54:55	48.76	45.23	48.60	44.80	49.40	47.40	50.40	49.40	48.92	53.82	46.90	3.82

人群 Peoples → 马丁号 Martin No. ↓	双槐树 SHS	孙庄 SZ	汪沟 WG	仰韶合并YS-H	西山XS	大汶口DWK	下靳A组XJ-A	姜家梁 JJL	柳湾合并LW	阳山YS	鲤鱼墩 LYD	昙石山 TSS	牛河梁NHL	后套一期HT-1	同种系标准差δ
1	176.33	169.00	172.37	180.70	176.50	181.11	180.50	178.27	185.93	181.80	185.00	189.70	171.00	183.70	5.73
8	137.33	142.45	146.49	142.56	136.30	145.70	138.00	134.20	136.41	133.30	136.75	139.20	161.00	135.30	4.76
17	[140.53]	142.50	145.13	142.53	145.30	142.89	139.50	138.10	139.38	133.90	133.43	143.12	142.83	138.30	5.69
9	91.29	91.82	94.13	93.64	95.02	91.64	95.16	88.60	90.30	87.70	94.51	91.00	98.60	87.20	4.05
45	135.00	138.50	140.45	136.37	137.50	140.56	135.00	135.63	137.24	131.70	141.46	135.60	150.10	134.36	4.57
48	73.45	68.61	73.73	73.38	76.04	77.34	73.78	75.53	78.19	75.60	73.25	71.10	75.33	81.96	4.15
52	33.50	33.19	33.31	33.48	33.14	35.05	34.33	33.39	34.27	33.30	32.20	33.80	35.90	36.74	1.91
51	41.23	43.72	42.47	43.41	43.43	42.82	44.30	44.41	43.87	42.20	47.23	42.20	46.15	42.75	1.67
54	24.26	26.14	26.38	27.56	27.24	27.45	26.27	27.04	27.26	25.90	28.10	29.50	25.00	28.93	1.77
55	50.76	52.01	53.45	53.36	53.41	54.72	53.50	55.58	55.77	54.80	56.58	51.90	54.50	61.40	2.92
72	87.00	81.50	81.86	81.39	84.48	83.61	85.00	82.59	89.21	89.20	79.00	81.00	88.50	83.00	3.24
77	149.80	147.25	146.40	146.40	144.94	149.76	147.50	146.76	146.49	146.60	145.93	143.80	147.06	147.31	-
8:1	77.95	84.29	84.90	79.10	77.22	78.71	76.50	75.76	73.92	73.31	75.44	73.40	93.38	73.65	2.67
17:1	[78.87]	85.29	82.65	78.62	82.32	88.24	76.95	78.74	74.74	73.36	72.18	73.80	83.17	75.29	2.94
17:8	[99.66]	100.76	99.74	99.41	106.60	97.46	100.38	102.33	100.96	101.84	95.67	99.50	88.73	102.22	4.30
9:8	68.51	64.66	64.91	65.59	65.68	60.17	68.99	66.02	65.94	65.84	56.69	65.40	61.63	64.45	3.29
48:45	53.33	51.30	52.92	54.58	55.78	55.02	55.67	55.71	57.60	56.93	68.03	52.50	49.30	61.00	3.30
52:51	78.86	75.90	78.00	77.18	75.42	81.94	79.23	77.39	78.46	79.29	68.18	80.00	77.93	85.94	5.05
54:55	48.76	50.33	49.40	52.08	51.08	49.45	48.80	49.00	49.09	47.25	58.40	57.00	46.02	47.12	3.82

人群 Peoples → 马丁号 Martin No. ↓	双槐树 SHS	孙庄 SZ	汪沟 WG	仰韶合并YS-H	西山XS	大汶口DWK	下靳A组XJ-A	姜家梁 JJL	柳湾合并LW	阳山YS	鲤鱼墩 LYD	昙石山 TSS	牛河梁NHL	后套一期HT-1	同种系标准差δ
1	176.33	169.00	172.37	180.70	176.50	181.11	180.50	178.27	185.93	181.80	185.00	189.70	171.00	183.70	5.73
8	137.33	142.45	146.49	142.56	136.30	145.70	138.00	134.20	136.41	133.30	136.75	139.20	161.00	135.30	4.76
17	[140.53]	142.50	145.13	142.53	145.30	142.89	139.50	138.10	139.38	133.90	133.43	143.12	142.83	138.30	5.69
9	91.29	91.82	94.13	93.64	95.02	91.64	95.16	88.60	90.30	87.70	94.51	91.00	98.60	87.20	4.05
45	135.00	138.50	140.45	136.37	137.50	140.56	135.00	135.63	137.24	131.70	141.46	135.60	150.10	134.36	4.57
48	73.45	68.61	73.73	73.38	76.04	77.34	73.78	75.53	78.19	75.60	73.25	71.10	75.33	81.96	4.15
52	33.50	33.19	33.31	33.48	33.14	35.05	34.33	33.39	34.27	33.30	32.20	33.80	35.90	36.74	1.91
51	41.23	43.72	42.47	43.41	43.43	42.82	44.30	44.41	43.87	42.20	47.23	42.20	46.15	42.75	1.67
54	24.26	26.14	26.38	27.56	27.24	27.45	26.27	27.04	27.26	25.90	28.10	29.50	25.00	28.93	1.77
55	50.76	52.01	53.45	53.36	53.41	54.72	53.50	55.58	55.77	54.80	56.58	51.90	54.50	61.40	2.92
72	87.00	81.50	81.86	81.39	84.48	83.61	85.00	82.59	89.21	89.20	79.00	81.00	88.50	83.00	3.24
77	149.80	147.25	146.40	146.40	144.94	149.76	147.50	146.76	146.49	146.60	145.93	143.80	147.06	147.31	-
8:1	77.95	84.29	84.90	79.10	77.22	78.71	76.50	75.76	73.92	73.31	75.44	73.40	93.38	73.65	2.67
17:1	[78.87]	85.29	82.65	78.62	82.32	88.24	76.95	78.74	74.74	73.36	72.18	73.80	83.17	75.29	2.94
17:8	[99.66]	100.76	99.74	99.41	106.60	97.46	100.38	102.33	100.96	101.84	95.67	99.50	88.73	102.22	4.30
9:8	68.51	64.66	64.91	65.59	65.68	60.17	68.99	66.02	65.94	65.84	56.69	65.40	61.63	64.45	3.29
48:45	53.33	51.30	52.92	54.58	55.78	55.02	55.67	55.71	57.60	56.93	68.03	52.50	49.30	61.00	3.30
52:51	78.86	75.90	78.00	77.18	75.42	81.94	79.23	77.39	78.46	79.29	68.18	80.00	77.93	85.94	5.05
54:55	48.76	50.33	49.40	52.08	51.08	49.45	48.80	49.00	49.09	47.25	58.40	57.00	46.02	47.12	3.82

人群 Peoples → 马丁号 Martin No. ↓	双槐树SHS	孙庄 SZ	汪沟 WG	西山 XS	宝鸡 BJ	大汶口DWK	徐堡 XB	庙子沟MZG	姜家梁 JJL	柳湾合并 LW	阳山 YS	鲤鱼墩组LYD	甑皮岩ZPY	牛河梁NHL	后套四期HT-4	同种系标准差δ
17	137.25	140.55	140.88	140.30	135.94	142.96	136.75	134.00	130.39	131.63	130.90	138.00	133.90	144.00	128.60	5.69
9	94.39	90.75	92.51	90.99	91.96	90.17	90.00	91.56	87.80	87.42	81.60	89.30	91.90	89.67	92.50	4.05
45	134.75	131.18	132.68	129.50	128.25	129.06	131.50	128.13	127.67	129.04	124.60	114.50	127.80	136.00	140.95	4.57
48	69.66	65.88	70.46	69.92	68.26	69.02	67.00	69.62	71.73	70.73	73.10	68.50	63.80	69.05	85.59	4.15
52	33.67	31.42	33.37	33.37	33.23	34.50	32.45	33.86	33.26	33.13	32.50	32.90	30.40	34.25	37.30	1.91
51	42.06	42.15	42.37	43.37	41.64	42.52	42.10	42.56	41.75	41.80	40.90	42.02	42.30	43.65	46.59	1.67
54	25.87	25.54	26.25	26.54	25.86	25.71	25.69	26.97	27.11	25.76	26.40	24.92	27.30	25.50	27.61	1.77
55	48.91	46.49	50.63	49.75	49.12	51.68	49.37	49.36	52.11	51.03	51.00	50.40	45.80	47.50	60.78	2.92
72	81.50	83.00	81.26	83.70	83.22	84.40	86.50	81.10	81.80	87.00	87.50	79.00	82.30	86.50	89.00	3.24
77	147.69	146.83	144.71	147.13	143.50	148.44	143.75	148.50	149.58	147.56	147.20	141.20	147.50	144.53	151.82	-
48:45	50.35	51.42	52.52	51.88	52.39	53.26	50.19	54.43	58.89	55.05	57.72	59.83	50.40	53.38	60.72	3.30
52:51	79.95	74.59	78.83	78.68	79.85	81.35	77.06	79.58	79.04	79.34	79.34	78.30	71.90	78.42	80.06	5.05
54:55	53.02	55.04	52.06	52.67	52.43	50.84	52.06	54.77	54.13	51.76	49.67	49.44	60.10	53.77	45.43	3.82