Abstract: Fish remains described here were collected from the fossil ape site of Lufeng, Yunnan. They were represented by numerous lower pharyngeal teeth. Judging from the morphological characteristies of the pharyngeal teeth, fin-spines, and other characters, it is apparent that all of them belong to the genus Cyprinus and one species only. The shape and the pattern of masticating surface of these teeth are similar to those of the common Chinese carp, Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus. This species is widely spreaded in Asia at present time. Therefore the data of Miocene carp in this district is valuable in the study of the appearence and the distribution of this genus. It seems to me that fossil carp occurred there represent the early member of this species. Nowadays, there are many species and subspecies of Cyprinus in this region. It indicates that Cyprinus carpio has a long existent history and gave rise numerous offsprings. Basing upon this the author inelines to conclude that Cyprinus is a native fresh-water fish in China, and East Asia is the place of its origin.
From the habit of carp we can recognize that the fish-bearing beds are lacustrine deposits, and had a warm, humid climate during late Miocene.

Key words: Cyprinus; Pharyngeal teeth; Distribution; Miocene fauna; Lufeng