Abstract: This paper deals with comparative research of golden monkeys on the basis of the data of gross dissection for three species (R. roxellanae, R. bieti and R. brelichi) distributing in our country.
Among 44 traits illustrated in the text; (1) 9 special features are unique for Rhinopithecus; (2) There are 4 shared characters between Rhinopithecus and Presbytis, while they seem to be absent in other primates; (3) 9 features are common in Rhinopithecus and other cololbines; (4) 5 features which are absent in other monkeys are shared by golden monkey and Presbytis, anthropoids and Homo; (5) There are 17 characters identical with those in anthropoids and Homo, but these traits are absent in Presbytis and other monkeys examined thus far.
According to this comparative study the impressive knowledges are as follows: (1) Rhinopithecus, indeed, is the most advanced monkey among O1d World ones, although they also possess certain primitive characters; (2) From the discussion above, Rhinopithecus has built a bridge connecting Old World monkeys with anthropoids in phylogenetic relationship. The differences among three local populations are so remarkable (overpassing 60%, between each other) that we must consider them as three separate sper cies. Differences to such an extent have not been shown among different species in other genus of Colobidae.

Key words: Rhinopithecus; Primates; Morphological character; Phylogeny