Abstract: This paper deals with a fossil human temporal from Xujiayao site in 1979 where previously 17 human fossils were found.
It has many characters identical to those of early Homo sapiens or intermediate between Homo erectus and modern man. The features include: the robustness of the supramastoid erest, the postglenoid process, the position and the orientation of the tympanic plate, the position of the tympanomastoid fissure, the orientation of the pyramid axis, the distance between the styloid process and the posterior wall of the porus, the entire mastoid process deviates slightly medianwards, ete.
The temporal bone of Xujiayao possesses some features as seen in modern man such as the form of the squama, the position of the supramastoid erest, the form of tympanic plate, the styloid process, tho foramen stylomastoideum and the supramastoid erest arranged in a straight line, the sigmoid suleus, ete.
There are some features close to those of Peking Man such as absence of true articular tuberele, the thickness of the mastoid portion, ete.

Key words: Xujiayao; Early Homo sapiens; Temporal bone