Abstract: There are skeletal specimens stored in Ant iropological Department of Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Academia Sinica. These specimens include one skull, seven maxillary bones, four mandibles and one third molar. The main dentoalveolar diseases are dental caries, alveolar atrophy and wear. Other eight kinds are only a few cases as tooth fracture, malposed tooth, tooth elongation, microdontia, dentoalveolar abscess, periodontal abscess, embedded tooth and dentoalveolar deformity. The historical ages of·these skeletons were from 5, 000 to 3, 000 years before, representing the late neolithic period to Shang Dynasty. In this way, the historic research work of Chinese ancient human beings' oral diseases will be pu- shed up to 3, 000 years ahead. At that time, the neolithic period, the central district of China had a higher culture already. The oral disease presented seems almost like the recent Chinese.

Key words: Dentoalveolar disease