Abstract: An anthropological study of 208 male and 196 femalc Mongols (aged 20- 60 years) living in Bayannouer League was carried out in July 1991.
The results can be summarized briefly as follows.
1.The physical characters of Mongols:They arc fairly tall. Their span of arm is longer than their stature in both sexes. The indices of head belong to brachycephaly, hypsicephaly and metriocephaly. The morphological facial index belongs to curyprosopy. Mongolian folds are obscrved about half in female and two thirds in male Mongols and double eyelids are manifested in high percentage. The form of nasal bridge is straight and the nasal index belongs to mesorrhiny. The indices of bodily part belong to langstamming, mittelbrusty, mittelschultrig and mittelbecking.
2. In Comparison with the data of the past more than half a century, the stature of Mongols have significant secular growth trend. The other metrical values of bodily part have also increased, but a half of the metrical values of the cephalofaciai part are within the range of variations in comparison with the data of the past more than half a century.
3. The body indices in both sexes and the bodily measurements in female Mongols have no significant difference between urban and rural (pastoral) areas.

Key words: Somatoscopy; Anthropometry; Mongolian nationality