Abstract: In this paper, intermembral index (IM), brachial index (BI), crural index (CI) and robusticity index (RI) were compared between Macaca mulatta from the Taihang Mountains and macaque fossils from the Early Pleistocene Queque Cave site, Chongzuo, Guangxi. The results show that the IM (96) of macaque fossil is higher than in living Macaca mulatta and that the BI (94.5) and CI (88.5) indices are lower in fossils. Inferring from primate movement type, macaque fossils may have lived on the ground and were suitable for quadrupedism, and that living Macaca mulatta may be partly arboreal. Combining life habits of mammal fossils including this macaque

Key words: Macaca mulatta; Taihang mountains; Fossil; Bone index