Abstract: Stature, body mass and cranial capacity are very important physical characteristics that reflect human body size, development, nutrition and health condition. In this study, we examine new human female remains from Qihe Cave II that dates about 9500 years ago. Results of this research show that the stature of Qihe Cave II is 160.3 cm, with a body mass of 59.9 kg. Compared with other Neolithic females and Paleolithic samples, Qihe Cave II is well-developed in stature, body mass and cranial capacity. It suggests a suitable living environment and good nutritional status for the Qihe Cave human. Our research also indicates that differences in body size and shape between south and north populations have showed a transitional period from the Paleolithic to early Neolithic.

Key words: Neolithic; Human; Qihe Cave; Stature; Body; Cranial capacity