Abstract: Tibetan peoples who live in the Tibetan Plateau (known as the roof of the world) occupy a unique ecology that gives them special adaptive mechanisms to survive hypoxia-based environments. This research examined 492 publications on Tibetan anthropology in both Chinese and English languages, in particular anthroplological studies of the past 30 years focussing on the relationship between Tibetan and Han peoples. Scientific evidence from anthropometry, blood groups, molecular biology and archaeology etc. indicate that Tibetan peoples are an indispensible member of the Chinese nation.

Key words: Tibet; Tibetan; Anthropometry; Biological anthropology