Abstract: The Xubao site in the eastern part of the county town of Xubao Village, Henan Province is a typical Longshan culture settlement located on the north shore of the Yellow River. The site dates about 4500-4000 years ago. Unearthed bone specimens of the Longshan period help us to understand the Yangshao and Longshan cultures of the central plains peoples. Morphometric craniofacial analysis of two female skulls gave the following results. The characteristic cranial form is a combination of middle cranial, tropibasic, and narrow skull cranialtype, with mesoprosopy, chamaerrhine, mesoconch traits. The anterior nasal spine shows Broca degree I. The canine fossa is underdeveloped, and the cranial suture is simply developed. Xubao residents belong to modern Asian Mongolian people and shows a close relationship with the recent Fushun group (R=1.08). Compared to ancient groups, similarities are with the recent Baoji group (R=0.48), the Miaozigou group (R=0.49), the DadianziI group (R=0.55), and the Youyao group (R=0.59).

Key words: Skull; Morphology; Longshan; Craniofacial