Morphological studies on Wuzhutai tooth, Xintai of Shandong Province

doi:10.16359/j.cnki.cn11-1963/q.2018.0041

Abstract

Abstract:

Recent fossil findings have complicated the scenario of East Asian modern human evolution and dispersal in Late Pleistocene, necessitating more fossil from this period to better elucidate it. In 1966, a lower molar of fossil human was recovered at Wuzhutai, Xintai of Shandong province, and Wu and Zong reported it in 1973. However, there is no further detailed study on this tooth afterwards. The present study will reassess its morphologies using grading system of dental non-metrics, geometric morphometric analysis of the crown outline shape, measurement of two- and three- dimensional (2D and 3D) enamel thickness, and visualization of 3D enamel thickness distribution. We aim at a further understanding of morphological variation of East Asian Late Pleistocene hominins. The results show that the dental morphologies of Wuzhutai tooth generally fit into the spectrum of modern human variations. However, its trigonid crest, Y pattern of occlusal groove arrangement, and high-degree protostylid are more likely found in Homo erectus or Neanderthals rather than in modern human. Compared with the other East Asian Late Pleistocene hominins, the combination of traits expressed by Wuzhutai tooth is unique and expanding the known morphological diversity. The future study could try to acquire the chronological age of Wuzhutai hominin, in order to better add it into the evolutionary sequence of modern human evolution.

Key words: Modern human, tooth, morphology, micro-computed tomography

CLC Number:

Q983

SUN Chengkai, SUN Xiaoling, ZHOU Mi, LIU Liqun, XING Song. Morphological studies on Wuzhutai tooth, Xintai of Shandong Province[J]. Acta Anthropologica Sinica, 2019, 38(03): 446-459.

Figures/Tables 10

References 25

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		M₁		M₂		M₃		数据来源
		例数	地点	例数	地点	例数	地点	数据来源
东亚早/中更新世直立人		19	Sangiran, 淅川, 周口店	12	Sangiran, 和县, 沂源, 周口店	22	Sangiran, 和县, 陈家窝子, 周口店	[7-8]
尼安德特人		8	Hortus, Krapina, St. Césaire, Vindija	14	Arcy GrotteRenne, Arcy Hyene, Hortus, Krapina, La Quina, Regourdou, St. Césaire, Subalyuk, Vindija	35	Arcy Hyene, Arcy Sur Cure, Ehringsdorf , Genay (Core D'OR) , Hortus, Krapina, La Quina, Ochoz, Petit Puymoyen, Regourdou, Spy, St. Césaire, Shanidar, Subalyuk, Tabun, Vindija	Wolpoff, personal communication
全新世现代人	非洲	20	南非	20	南非	20	南非	-
全新世现代人	东亚	20	河南淅川;湖北郧县、丹江口	20	河南淅川;湖北郧县、丹江口	88	河南淅川;湖北郧县、丹江口、襄阳、房县	本文
晚更新世现代人	非洲	-	-	-	-	2	Klasies River Mouth	-
	西亚	-	-	-	-	9	Qafzeh, Skhul	Wolpoff, personal communication
	东亚	1	广西土博咁前洞	8	湖北黄龙洞;湖南道县福岩洞;云南马鹿洞;广西宝积岩、扶绥南山洞、崇左智人洞、土博咁前洞、隆林德峨	13	北京田园洞、湖北黄龙洞;湖南道县福岩洞;贵州老鸭洞;福建清流狐狸洞;云南马鹿洞;广西宝积岩、扶绥南山洞、崇左智人洞、隆林德峨、鸡母岩	[1-3, 9-10]
	欧洲	1	Abri Pataud	7	Abri Pataud, Dolní V?stonice, Le Rois, Saint Germain-La Riviere	16	Abri Pataud, Dolní V?stonice, Isturitz, Le Rois, Mlade?, Pavlov, Predmostí	Wolpoff, personal communication

		M₁		M₂		M₃		数据来源
		例数	地点	例数	地点	例数	地点	数据来源
东亚早/中更新世直立人		19	Sangiran, 淅川, 周口店	12	Sangiran, 和县, 沂源, 周口店	22	Sangiran, 和县, 陈家窝子, 周口店	[7-8]
尼安德特人		8	Hortus, Krapina, St. Césaire, Vindija	14	Arcy GrotteRenne, Arcy Hyene, Hortus, Krapina, La Quina, Regourdou, St. Césaire, Subalyuk, Vindija	35	Arcy Hyene, Arcy Sur Cure, Ehringsdorf , Genay (Core D'OR) , Hortus, Krapina, La Quina, Ochoz, Petit Puymoyen, Regourdou, Spy, St. Césaire, Shanidar, Subalyuk, Tabun, Vindija	Wolpoff, personal communication
全新世现代人	非洲	20	南非	20	南非	20	南非	-
全新世现代人	东亚	20	河南淅川;湖北郧县、丹江口	20	河南淅川;湖北郧县、丹江口	88	河南淅川;湖北郧县、丹江口、襄阳、房县	本文
晚更新世现代人	非洲	-	-	-	-	2	Klasies River Mouth	-
	西亚	-	-	-	-	9	Qafzeh, Skhul	Wolpoff, personal communication
	东亚	1	广西土博咁前洞	8	湖北黄龙洞;湖南道县福岩洞;云南马鹿洞;广西宝积岩、扶绥南山洞、崇左智人洞、土博咁前洞、隆林德峨	13	北京田园洞、湖北黄龙洞;湖南道县福岩洞;贵州老鸭洞;福建清流狐狸洞;云南马鹿洞;广西宝积岩、扶绥南山洞、崇左智人洞、隆林德峨、鸡母岩	[1-3, 9-10]
	欧洲	1	Abri Pataud	7	Abri Pataud, Dolní V?stonice, Le Rois, Saint Germain-La Riviere	16	Abri Pataud, Dolní V?stonice, Isturitz, Le Rois, Mlade?, Pavlov, Predmostí	Wolpoff, personal communication

		东亚早/中更新世直立人	尼安德特人	晚更新世现代人		全新世现代人
	级别	东亚	欧洲和西亚^[6]	西亚和欧洲^[6]	东亚	非洲和欧洲^[6]	东亚
下次小尖 Hypoconulid size	0	-	2(12.5%)	6(33.3%)	1(11.1%)	63(50.0%)	5(7.1%)
	1	-	-	1(5.6%)	-	3(2.4%)	1(1.4%)
	2	1(9.1%)	1(6.3%)	2(11.1%)	-	14(11.1%)	4(5.7%)
	3	4(27.3%)	7(43.8%)	6(33.3%)	3(33.3%)	17(13.5%)	14(20.0%)
	4	5(54.5%)	5(31.3%)	2(11.1%)	3(33.3%)	17(13.5%)	24(34.3%)
	5	1(9.1%)	1(6.3%)	1(5.6%)	2(22.2%)	12(9.5%)	22(31.4%)
第6尖 C6 size	0	1(22.2%)	5(33.3%)	12(66.7%)	4(57.1%)	94(77.7%)	40(57.1%)
	1	-	1(6.7%)	-	-	9(7.4%)	2(2.9%)
	2	5(44.4%)	4(26.7%)	4(22.2%)	2(28.6%)	11(9.1%)	9(12.9%)
	3	3(33.3%)	5(33.3%)	2(11.1%)	1(14.3%)	7(5.8%)	19(27.1%)
第7尖 C7 size	0	1(9.1%)	8(53.3%)	13(76.5%)	6(66.7%)	98(79.0%)	63(90.0%)
	1	-	1(6.7%)	1(5.9%)	-	10(8.1%)	2(2.9%)
	2	2(18.2%)	3(20.0%)	3(17.6%)	-	6(4.8%)	1(1.4%)
	3	5(45.5%)	1(6.7%)	-	1(11.1%)	7(5.6%)	2(2.9%)
	4	3(27.3%)	2(13.3%)	-	2(22.2%)	3(2.4%)	2(2.9%)
三角座中央横脊 Middle Trigonid Crest	0	9(75.0%)	1(5.9%)	14(93.3%)	9(90.0%)	107(89.9%)	69(98.6%)
	1	1(8.3%)	4(23.5%)	1(6.7%)	1(10.0%)	12(10.1%)	1(1.4%)
	2	2(16.7%)	12(70.6%)	-	-	-	-
三角座远中横脊 Distal Trigonid Crest	0	6(54.5%)	10(62.5%)	10(62.5%)	8(100.0%)	90(75.0%)	65(95.6%)
	1	2(18.2%)	3(18.8%)	4(25.0%)	-	21(17.5%)	3(4.4%)
	2	3(27.3%)	3(18.8%)	2(12.5%)	-	9(7.5%)	-
齿沟类型 Groove pattern	1	8(66.7%)	9(60.0%)	2(14.3%)	2(20.0%)	21(19.1%)	7(10.0%)
齿沟类型 Groove pattern	2	4(33.3%)	6(40.0%)	12(85.7%)	8(80.0%)	89(80.9%)	63(90.0%)
原附尖 Protostylid	0	1(10.0%)	8(61.5%)	15(88.2%)	2(50.0%)	105(88.2%)	43(65.2%)
	1	1(10.0%)	3(23.1%)	1(5.9%)	-	9(7.6%)	11(16.7%)
	2	-	2(15.4)	1(5.9%)	-	-	-
	3	2(20.0%)	-	-	1(25.0%)	2(1.7%)	8(12.1%)
	4	1(10.0%)	-	-	-	1(0.8%)	2(3.0%)
	5	1(10.0%)	-	-	-	1(0.8%)	1(1.5%)
	6	4(40.0%)	-	-	1(25.0%)	1(0.8%)	-
	7	-	-	-	-	-	1(1.5%)

		东亚早/中更新世直立人	尼安德特人	晚更新世现代人		全新世现代人
	级别	东亚	欧洲和西亚^[6]	西亚和欧洲^[6]	东亚	非洲和欧洲^[6]	东亚
下次小尖 Hypoconulid size	0	-	2(12.5%)	6(33.3%)	1(11.1%)	63(50.0%)	5(7.1%)
	1	-	-	1(5.6%)	-	3(2.4%)	1(1.4%)
	2	1(9.1%)	1(6.3%)	2(11.1%)	-	14(11.1%)	4(5.7%)
	3	4(27.3%)	7(43.8%)	6(33.3%)	3(33.3%)	17(13.5%)	14(20.0%)
	4	5(54.5%)	5(31.3%)	2(11.1%)	3(33.3%)	17(13.5%)	24(34.3%)
	5	1(9.1%)	1(6.3%)	1(5.6%)	2(22.2%)	12(9.5%)	22(31.4%)
第6尖 C6 size	0	1(22.2%)	5(33.3%)	12(66.7%)	4(57.1%)	94(77.7%)	40(57.1%)
	1	-	1(6.7%)	-	-	9(7.4%)	2(2.9%)
	2	5(44.4%)	4(26.7%)	4(22.2%)	2(28.6%)	11(9.1%)	9(12.9%)
	3	3(33.3%)	5(33.3%)	2(11.1%)	1(14.3%)	7(5.8%)	19(27.1%)
第7尖 C7 size	0	1(9.1%)	8(53.3%)	13(76.5%)	6(66.7%)	98(79.0%)	63(90.0%)
	1	-	1(6.7%)	1(5.9%)	-	10(8.1%)	2(2.9%)
	2	2(18.2%)	3(20.0%)	3(17.6%)	-	6(4.8%)	1(1.4%)
	3	5(45.5%)	1(6.7%)	-	1(11.1%)	7(5.6%)	2(2.9%)
	4	3(27.3%)	2(13.3%)	-	2(22.2%)	3(2.4%)	2(2.9%)
三角座中央横脊 Middle Trigonid Crest	0	9(75.0%)	1(5.9%)	14(93.3%)	9(90.0%)	107(89.9%)	69(98.6%)
	1	1(8.3%)	4(23.5%)	1(6.7%)	1(10.0%)	12(10.1%)	1(1.4%)
	2	2(16.7%)	12(70.6%)	-	-	-	-
三角座远中横脊 Distal Trigonid Crest	0	6(54.5%)	10(62.5%)	10(62.5%)	8(100.0%)	90(75.0%)	65(95.6%)
	1	2(18.2%)	3(18.8%)	4(25.0%)	-	21(17.5%)	3(4.4%)
	2	3(27.3%)	3(18.8%)	2(12.5%)	-	9(7.5%)	-
齿沟类型 Groove pattern	1	8(66.7%)	9(60.0%)	2(14.3%)	2(20.0%)	21(19.1%)	7(10.0%)
齿沟类型 Groove pattern	2	4(33.3%)	6(40.0%)	12(85.7%)	8(80.0%)	89(80.9%)	63(90.0%)
原附尖 Protostylid	0	1(10.0%)	8(61.5%)	15(88.2%)	2(50.0%)	105(88.2%)	43(65.2%)
	1	1(10.0%)	3(23.1%)	1(5.9%)	-	9(7.6%)	11(16.7%)
	2	-	2(15.4)	1(5.9%)	-	-	-
	3	2(20.0%)	-	-	1(25.0%)	2(1.7%)	8(12.1%)
	4	1(10.0%)	-	-	-	1(0.8%)	2(3.0%)
	5	1(10.0%)	-	-	-	1(0.8%)	1(1.5%)
	6	4(40.0%)	-	-	1(25.0%)	1(0.8%)	-
	7	-	-	-	-	-	1(1.5%)

	尼安德特人¹	现代人¹	现代人²
三角座近中横脊	30.0% (3/10)	25.0% (1/4)	3.9%(2/51)
三角座中央横脊	60.0% (6/10)	25.0% (1/4)	0.0%(0/51)
三角座远中横脊	30.0% (3/10)	0.0%	3.9%(2/51)