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    15 June 1989, Volume 8 Issue 02
    Paleolithic materials found in Zhaocun site, Qian'an,He Bei
    Zhang Senshui
    1989, 8(02):  0-113、198. 
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    The Paleolithic site is situated near Zhaocun village of Qian'an county, Hebei Province and is about 500m a way from the Luanhe River. Some mammalian fossils, stone and bone artifacts were found in the grayish marl and sand layers of the 2nd terrace of the Luanhe River in 1958 and 1973.
    This paper gives a brief description of 21 stone artifacts and a few bone artifacts. Among them 14 stone artifacts and some teeth of Cervus sp., Bos primigenius were picked up by the author in 1973; other 7 stone and a few bone artifacts were gathered in 1958 and then regarded as pseudo-artifacts. On the basis of their artifical characters, the present author considered that the specimens discovered in 1958 are stone and bone artifacts except those bone specimens which were gnawn by rodents. Raw-materials of the stone artifacts consist of flint, quartz, quartzite, siliceous limestone and igneous rock. They include 2 cores and 10 flakes produced by direct percussion process, and also 4 bipolar flakes, 2 single straight scrapers, one angle pointed tool, one? graver and one chopper with two edges. According to their blunt percussion point, shallow and board scars, the stone specimens could be produced by the soft hammer method. Most of them were trimmed on the dorsal surface. Their primary characters are basically similar to those found in other sites of North China. This site is dated to be Late Pleistocene or upper paleolithic, supported by the associated mammalian species such as Equus hemionus, Bos primigenius and Cervus canadensis etc. which were usually found elsewhere in the Malan Loess (Q3) of North China. The uranium-series dating of the teeth of B. primigenius found in the same layer with stone and bone artifacts is 48000±2000 or 44000±2000 BP.
    Human skulls of Han Dynasty from Zhalainuoer site (The third excavation),Inner Mongolia
    Zhu Hong
    1989, 8(02):  0-130、200. 
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    The human skulls studied in this article are from the ancient tombs in Zhalainuoer site (the 3rd excavation), Xinbaerhuyou Banner, Inner Mongolia. Their dates correspond to Han dynasty. They are the remains of the nomadic people of ancient times.
    The author studied 5 male and 3 female adult skulls (17-35 years of age), whose physical characteristics are similar basically. Most of them are of typical chamaecrany and tapeinocrany, combining with wide but flat face. This shows the group of people are mainly related to the modern Siberia Mongoloids (Northern Asiatic Mongoloids).
    Paleolithic implements from the coastal area in Rizhao, Shandong Province
    You Yuzhu, Xu Xiaofeng, Ynan Xiaofeng, Xu Shubin, Yang Shenfu, Hu Ying
    1989, 8(02):  101-106. 
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    Since 1983, a number of paleolithic sites have been found along the coastal area of Rizhao, southeastern Shandong Province. All the sites are from a chronologically comparative stratum between the first and second denuding surfaces and lie about 20-50 meters above the present sea level. About 700 pieces of artifacts with similar patterns have been unearthed. There are stone cores, flakes and stone artifacts such as scrapers, points, choppers, burins, awls, stone balls and spearheads. According to the manufacturing techniques, this assemblage can be attributed 10 the traditional paleolithic culture in North China.
    lt is inferred that the artifacts are of late Pleistocene and their absolute age is about, 10,000-40,000 years BP.
    The pollen analysis indicates that a kind of prairie landscape occurred and there was no great variation in air temperature in this area during late Pleistocene.
    A revision of the Qian'an Zhaocun "eolith"
    Huang Wanbo
    1989, 8(02):  114-117. 
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    The present report results from a tentative study of stone tools from Zhaocun village, Qian'an County, Hebei Province. The sediments of the site belong to river accumulations, in which 7 mammalian fossils and more than 100 pieces of paleoliths were found. They can be divided into two types, that is, points and scrapers. The remanufacturing ways are various. It is a cultural type of Late Paleolith in Qinanan region.
    A preliminary report on the excavation of cave site at Fanzengshanyan and Xiashandong of Luoding, Guangdong
    Song Fangyi, Zhang Zhenhong, Guo Xingfu, Chen Dayuan
    1989, 8(02):  118-122. 
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    Fanzengshanyan and Xiashandong are new cave sites discovered in Guangdong province in the past few years. They belong to the late Paleolithic age. Among the things we found in (?) sites are mammalian fossils, a few chipped stone tools, a piece of human radius, some ash and (?) bones, and shell tools showing the trace of human processing. Nopotsherds and polished stone tools were found there. However, they had already begun to harvest aquatic animals as food. The finding of shell tools will greatly help us to advance the study of the development of forces of production.
    The relation between the age and changes in Chinese skull suture
    Mo Shitai, Zhang Wenguang, Lei Shaobai, Wang Xiongwen, Qiu Ke
    1989, 8(02):  131-138. 
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    To study the relation between the age and the changes in skull suture of Chinese for the purpose of the estimation of age by the skull, 139 male Chinese skulls were investigated. The age of the skulls ranges from 15 to 84 years. The study was made on nine sutures of the external and internal plate of the skulls, namely: sagittal, coronary, lambdoid, sphenofrontal, sphenoparietal, sphenosquamous, occipitomastaid, parietomastaid and squamous suture. The results obtained are as follows:
    1. The skull external plate suture
    a. Between 15 and 19 ages, the degree1 of fusion begins to be observed at sphenofrontal suture.
    b. Between 20 and 29 ages, the degree 1 of the fusion at coronary suture accounts for more than 47% of all cases of this group.
    c. Between 30 and 39 ages, the degree 2 to 4 of the fusion begins to be observed at sagittal and lambdoid suture.
    d. Between 40 and 49 ages, the degree 1 to 3 of the fusion begins to be observed at sphenofrontal, sphenoparietal and occipitomastoid suture. The percentage of degree 4 of the fusion at sagittal, coronary and lambdoid suture, is 10%, 6%, 9%, respectively.
    e. Between 50 and 59 ages, the degree 1 to 3 of the fusion begins to be observed at sphenosquamous and occipitomastoid suture. The percentage of degree 4 of the fusion at sagittal, coronary, lambdoid, sphenofrontal and sphenoparietal suture, is 10.5% ,15% ,15% ,30% ,25%, respectively.
    f. Between 60 and 69 ages, the percentage of degree 4 of the fusion at sagittal, coronary, lambdoid, sphenofrontal, sphenoparietal, sphenosquamous and occipitomastoid suture, is 16%, 17.5 % ,10% ,38% ,34% ,4%,17.5%,respectively.
    g. Between 70 and 84 ages, the percentage of degree 4 of the fusion at sagittal, coronary, lambdoid, sphenofrontal, sphenofrontal and occitomastoid suture, is 50 %,41%,17% ,50%, 8.5 % ,respectively.
    h. The relation between the skull external plate suture fusion degree and age was shown in table 3.
    2. The skull internal plate suture
    a. Between 15 and 19 ages, the degree 1 of the fusion begins to be observed at sphenofrontal suture.
    b. Between 20 and 29 ages, the degree 1 of the fusion at coronary suture accounts for more than 32% of all cases of all cases of this group.
    c. Between 30 and 39 ages, the degree 2 to 4 of the fusion begins to be observed at coronary suture.
    d. Between 40 and 49 ages, the degree 1 to 3 of the fusion begins to be observed at sphenosquamous, occipitomastoid and parietomastoid suture, The percentage of degree 4 of the fusion at sagittal, coronary, lambdoid, sphenofrontal and sphenoparietal suture, is 19.5%, 55%, 16%, 42%, 18.5%, respectively.
    e. Between 50 and 59 ages, the percentage of the degree 4 of the fusion at sagittal, coronary, lambdoid, sphenofrontal and sphenoparietal suture, is 40%, 85%, 35%, 45%, 25 %, respectively.
    f. Between 60 and 69 ages, the percentage of degree 4 of the fusion at sagittal, coronary, lambdoid, sphenofrontal, aphenoparietal, sphenosquamous, occipitomastoid and parietomastoid suture, is 60% ,96% ,56.5% ,60.5% ,26.5% ,10% ,20%,10%, respectively.
    g Between 70 and 84 ages, the degree 3 of the fusion at sphenoparietal and sphenosquamous suture is not found. The percentage of degree 4 of the fusion at sagittal, coronary, lambdoid, sphenofrontal, sphenoparietal, sphenosquamous, occipitomastoid, parietomastoid squamous, is 69%,100% ,58 % ,66% ,41% ,15.5% ,31%,15.5%,7%, respectively.
    h. The relation between the skull internal plate suture fusion degree and age was shown in table 4.
    Study on the crain of Zhuang Nationality in Guangxi
    Zhu Fangwu, Lu Weisan, Lei Yiming
    1989, 8(02):  139-146. 
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    A craniological survey on 71 male crania and 79 female crania of Zhuang nationality was, carried out by the authors in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region of China in 1986-1987. Main conclusions regarding the anthropological features of Zhuang nationality from this study are as follows:
    1. The physical characters of Zhuang nationality: The cranial length-breadth index is of the mesocrany, the cranial length-height index is of the hypsicrany and the cranial breadth-height index is the metriocrany. The vertical cranio-facial index is 50.79%. The total facial index is of the mesoprosopy. The upper facial index is of the meseny. The orbital index I is of the mesoconchy. The nasal index is of the chamaerrhiny. The simotic index is 29.35%. The gnathic index is of the orthognath.
    2. This paper is the first attempt at systematic researching the differences in the cranial characteristics between the Zhuang nationality and the various regional groups of Han nationality by means of cluster analysis. The results imply that the cranial feature of Zhuang nationality is closer to the southern groups of Han nationality than others.
    3. Based on the comparisons, it is no double that some so-called “Austral-Negroid” characteristics of this series of the skulle might be regarded as the succeeded and developed ones of the Neolithic Zengpiyan Man and the Late Paleothic Liujiang Man in Southern China. It may be supposed that there are similar gene pool between the ancestors of “Austral-Negroid” and the continental proto-Mongoloid of Asia.
    Sex discriminant analysis of long bones of lower limb
    Liu Wu, Yang Maoyou, Tai Fengjiu
    1989, 8(02):  147-154. 
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    37 measurements of bones of lower limb collected in Changchun of Northeastern China were taken. Statistical analysis shows that all measurements have significant sex differences. Good result can be obtained by using single measurement for sexing. Some measurements at both ends of limb bones have better value for sex determination than measurements of length. Several sex discriminant functions of bones of lower limb were established by means of Fisher's method and stepwise discriminant analysis. These discriminant functions can be used to sex Chinese bones of lower limb with highest discriminant rate 96.3%.
    Asymmetry in long bone weight of lower limb in Chinese
    Ren Guangjin, Ding Shihai, Wu Chuande
    1989, 8(02):  155-157. 
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    Eighty-two sets of adult long bone weight of lower limb in Chinese were measured. The results and conclusions are as follows:
    1. There is no statistic side difference between right and left sides in weight of femur or tibia, but the fibula shows significant right dominance probably due to its different function.
    2. The weight difference of the two sides greater than one percent being is considered as asymmetry. The majority of cases (76.8-87 .8%) of long bone weight show asymmetry. The right one is heavier than the left one or vice versa.
    Secular growth trend of children in Danyang County, Jiangsu Province
    Lin Wanaheng, Du Xiugu
    1989, 8(02):  158-164. 
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    Growth of children of Danyang County, Jiangsu Province during 1936-1985 was compared. A notable secular growth trend of children during the last half century was observed. The mean heights of Danyang's boys and girls aged 7-14 increased 9.3 and 11.4 cm, respectively, mean weights increased 3.9 and 4.0 kg, and mean sitting heights increased 4.2 and 5.0 cm.
    The height increments of boys and girls in centimeters per decade in the interval of 1956-1985 were significantly greater than those in the interval of 1936-1956 (P<0.01), and the weight increments of the interval were not remarkably different (P> 0.05).
    Comparison of the measured value and estimated value of mean weight in each ages showed that the girls' weight increment was proportional to the height increment, and the body pattern trended to be slender.
    Secular growth trend of Danyang's children was compared with that of same aged children of Nanjing, Shanghai in China and that children in Japan at same period.
    the investigation of the relationship between the skeletal age and the growth development of the Tibetan Adolescent in Qinghai Province
    Wang Naizhe, Liu Bingshu, Jia Mian, Zhu Jiangang, Zhang Fengming, Yan Zheng, Pu Siqing, Yang Zhenduo
    1989, 8(02):  165-171. 
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    This paper has reported the skeletal development of hand-wrist in 728 healthy children and adolescent of Tibetan aged from 7 to 18 who were born and live at the altitude of 3000—4000 metres above sea level at Qinghai Tibet Plateau. The authors have calculated the average ages of the appearance of certain ossification centers and of certain epiphyses fusing with their diaphyses and also have discussed the relationships between the skeletal age and the stature spurt, and the menarche.
    Amino acid racemization dating of fossils from Quaternary deposits of some caves in Guangxi
    Wang Jiangke, Chen Shuixia, Luo Honghong, Zhong Yueming
    1989, 8(02):  172-176. 
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    Based on the principle of racemization degree of amino acids in fossil increasing with its age, this paper has estimated the ages of fossil bones, teeth and shells fron some Quaternary cave deposits in Juyuandong cave (early pleistocene), Bijiashan cave (middle pleistocene), Bailiangdong cave, Dalongtan rockshelter (late Pleistocene to Holocene) in Liuzhou, Zengpiyan rockshelter (holocene) in Guilin, Guangxi. The results are basically consistent with 14C ages or have been supported by other geological evidences.
    Amino acid dating of Peking Man and Dingcun Man
    Zhou Yihua
    1989, 8(02):  177-181. 
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    The racemization reaction rates of aspartic acid and isoleucine acid are determined in some animal fossils from strata where Peking Man and Dingcun Man where found. On the basis of the result from the determination, the accumulation ages and ancient environment of the strata are estimated. The accumulatin ages of the third and fourth strata at No. 1 Location of Zhoukoudian were about 200,000 years ago and that of the eleventh stratum about 687,000 years ago. The average temperature which Shandingdong has undergone since it began accumulation 8.3℃, which is under the present temperature. Based on the D/L values of amino acid racemization in a kind of shell fossil from some sections of Dingcun, Shanxi, it is estimated that the Living ages of Dingcun Man were about 700,000-900,000 years ago.
    A new debate on the origin of Homo sapiens
    Wu Rukang
    1989, 8(02):  182-185. 
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    A review about the Formation Processes of the Archaeological Record
    Chen Xingbin
    1989, 8(02):  186-188. 
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    Discussion on the relationship between limb bone and height in Han adult males in South China
    Ding Xifan, Mo Shitai, Zhang Wenguang
    1989, 8(02):  189-190. 
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    Measurement of head and face indexes in normal Han children
    Wang Xiaoming, Tang Shizhong
    1989, 8(02):  191-193. 
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    News and activities
    1989, 8(02):  194-196. 
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