Impact of raw material source on the obsidian lithic industry of Northeast China and South Korea

doi:10.16359/j.1000-3193/AAS.2022.0003

Abstract

Abstract:

Using Renfrew’s distance decay model of obsidian exchange and evidence of Upper Paleolithic obsidian artifacts and sources in northeastern China and South Korea, an obsidian raw material supply zone (r=150~200 km) and a direct supply zone (r>200 km) were identified within crater Lake Tianchi, which represents a radiation core for both northeastern China and Korean Peninsula. Comparative statistical analysis of the distribution and artifacts of this region indicated the following results. 1) The number of obsidian artifacts and artifact types are higher in northwestern Chinese Upper Paleolithic sites; and 2) obsidian microblade core reduction is more intense with the size of complete flakes generally smaller in typical South Korean Upper Paleolithic sites. We argue that significant differences of obsidian distribution and usage between the two regions reflects availability and size of obsidian raw materials, associated to the distance from source localities in the Changbai Mountains.

Key words: lithics, obsidian, raw materials, Late Paleolithic, Northeast China, Korea

CLC Number:

K871.11

HOU Zhe, ZHAO Yuchao, GAO Xing, SEONG Chuntaek. Impact of raw material source on the obsidian lithic industry of Northeast China and South Korea[J]. Acta Anthropologica Sinica, 2022, 41(06): 982-993.

Figures/Tables 8

References 52

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遗址Site	主要原料及占比 Major materials and their contents (%)	黑曜岩占比 Obsidian content (%)	数量(n)		BP 2σ （95.4%）	分析法Method^[12]
遗址Site	主要原料及占比 Major materials and their contents (%)	黑曜岩占比 Obsidian content (%)	采集Surface	地层Strata	BP 2σ （95.4%）	p-XRF	LA-ICP-AES	ED-XRF
炮台山遗址 Paotaishan^[7]	流纹岩46%; 角岩28.5%	17.5%	91	0		√	√	√
秦家东山Qinjia Dongshan^[8]	角岩61%	13.3%	60	0
杨林西山Yanglin Xishan^[9]	角岩61.2%; 流纹岩31.8%	3.1%	55	30
杨林南山Yanglin Nanshan^[10]	角岩50.49%; 板岩21.36%	6.8%	84	13		√	√
珲春北山Hunchun Beishan^[11]		86.5%	51	1		√	√	√
桦甸仙人洞 Yedian Xianrendong^[12,13]	角岩62.7%	0.4%	0	244	40589 ~37746	√
辉南邵家店Huinan Shaojiaidian^[14]	石英45.6%	31.6%	49	0		√
新屯西山Xintun Xishan^[15]		100%	0	30		√	√
抚松东台Fusong Dongtai^[4]		—	—	—		√	√
抚松枫林Fusong Fenglin^[16,17]		96%	2217	651	17000
海沟金矿Haigou Jinkuang^[18]	石英44.4%; 凝灰岩33.4%	11.1%	9	0		√	√
安图立新Antu Lixin^[19]		21.1%	65	6		√	√	√
安图沙金沟 Antu Shajingou^[20]		90.2%	77	5		√	√
两江石人沟Liangjiangzhen SRG^[18]		75%	28	0
和龙青头Helong Qingtou^[21]		84.3%	197	19		√	√
和龙西沟Helong xigou^[22]		69.6%	102	0		√	√
和龙牛心村Helong niuxincun^[23]		94%	49	0
和龙二水坪 Helong ershuiping^[23]		98%	51	0
和龙广兴Helong guangxing^[23]		87%	23	0
和龙柳洞Helong liudong^[24,25]		93.66%	138	4		√	√
和龙大洞 Helong dadong^[26?-28]		99.4%	5752	4389	25916 ~25340	√	√	√
和龙林场Helong linchang^[29]		97.42%	30	86
和龙石人沟 Helong shirengou^[30?-32]		99.9%	115	1267		√	√
国东大穴 Guodong daxue^[4]		—	—	—		√	√

遗址Site	主要原料及占比 Major materials and their contents (%)	黑曜岩占比 Obsidian content (%)	数量(n)		BP 2σ （95.4%）	分析法Method^[12]
遗址Site	主要原料及占比 Major materials and their contents (%)	黑曜岩占比 Obsidian content (%)	采集Surface	地层Strata	BP 2σ （95.4%）	p-XRF	LA-ICP-AES	ED-XRF
炮台山遗址 Paotaishan^[7]	流纹岩46%; 角岩28.5%	17.5%	91	0		√	√	√
秦家东山Qinjia Dongshan^[8]	角岩61%	13.3%	60	0
杨林西山Yanglin Xishan^[9]	角岩61.2%; 流纹岩31.8%	3.1%	55	30
杨林南山Yanglin Nanshan^[10]	角岩50.49%; 板岩21.36%	6.8%	84	13		√	√
珲春北山Hunchun Beishan^[11]		86.5%	51	1		√	√	√
桦甸仙人洞 Yedian Xianrendong^[12,13]	角岩62.7%	0.4%	0	244	40589 ~37746	√
辉南邵家店Huinan Shaojiaidian^[14]	石英45.6%	31.6%	49	0		√
新屯西山Xintun Xishan^[15]		100%	0	30		√	√
抚松东台Fusong Dongtai^[4]		—	—	—		√	√
抚松枫林Fusong Fenglin^[16,17]		96%	2217	651	17000
海沟金矿Haigou Jinkuang^[18]	石英44.4%; 凝灰岩33.4%	11.1%	9	0		√	√
安图立新Antu Lixin^[19]		21.1%	65	6		√	√	√
安图沙金沟 Antu Shajingou^[20]		90.2%	77	5		√	√
两江石人沟Liangjiangzhen SRG^[18]		75%	28	0
和龙青头Helong Qingtou^[21]		84.3%	197	19		√	√
和龙西沟Helong xigou^[22]		69.6%	102	0		√	√
和龙牛心村Helong niuxincun^[23]		94%	49	0
和龙二水坪 Helong ershuiping^[23]		98%	51	0
和龙广兴Helong guangxing^[23]		87%	23	0
和龙柳洞Helong liudong^[24,25]		93.66%	138	4		√	√
和龙大洞 Helong dadong^[26?-28]		99.4%	5752	4389	25916 ~25340	√	√	√
和龙林场Helong linchang^[29]		97.42%	30	86
和龙石人沟 Helong shirengou^[30?-32]		99.9%	115	1267		√	√
国东大穴 Guodong daxue^[4]		—	—	—		√	√

遗址Site	主要原料 Major materials	黑曜岩制品Obsidian artifacts		年代Age (BP)	产源分析法Sourcing method
遗址Site	主要原料 Major materials	数量 (n)	占比(%)	年代Age (BP)	ICP-MS	LA-ICP-MS	PIXE	INAA
上沙里Sangsa-ri	-	-	-		√
长兴里Jangheung-ri	石英55%	178	26.5%	29796~27361 30007~27595				√
抱川中里Youngsujaeyul	石英55.93%	607	8.65%	21240±150		√
通贤里 Tonghyeon-ri	石英75.5%	-	4%
奇窟B Gigok B	脉石英-石英岩92.3%	19	0.4%	12429~11412 14802~13314	√
上舞龙里 Sangmuryong-ri	石英99.1%	268	0.2%					√
富坪里 Bupyeong-ri						√
民乐洞 Minrak-dong		40	-		√
禾垈里 Hwadae-ri	脉石英-石英岩97.1%	-	0.51%	23950±100^*
浦日洞 Poildong		20
下花溪里 Hahwagae-ri	脉石英-石英岩70.9%	1306	21%	16318~15904			√
三里 Sam-ri	石英91%	67	4%				√
昌内 Changnae		4	-
垂杨介Suyanggae		106	-	18630; 16400				√
好坪洞 Hopyeong-dong	脉石英54.2%	1074	21.6%	25852~25013 27716~25352			√
石壮里Seokjang-ri		6	-	30781~21265				√
月城洞Wolseong-dong	角页岩82%	357	2.76%	32300±3200^*	√	√
新北Sinbuk		28	0.8%	29700~19400	√

遗址Site	主要原料 Major materials	黑曜岩制品Obsidian artifacts		年代Age (BP)	产源分析法Sourcing method
遗址Site	主要原料 Major materials	数量 (n)	占比(%)	年代Age (BP)	ICP-MS	LA-ICP-MS	PIXE	INAA
上沙里Sangsa-ri	-	-	-		√
长兴里Jangheung-ri	石英55%	178	26.5%	29796~27361 30007~27595				√
抱川中里Youngsujaeyul	石英55.93%	607	8.65%	21240±150		√
通贤里 Tonghyeon-ri	石英75.5%	-	4%
奇窟B Gigok B	脉石英-石英岩92.3%	19	0.4%	12429~11412 14802~13314	√
上舞龙里 Sangmuryong-ri	石英99.1%	268	0.2%					√
富坪里 Bupyeong-ri						√
民乐洞 Minrak-dong		40	-		√
禾垈里 Hwadae-ri	脉石英-石英岩97.1%	-	0.51%	23950±100^*
浦日洞 Poildong		20
下花溪里 Hahwagae-ri	脉石英-石英岩70.9%	1306	21%	16318~15904			√
三里 Sam-ri	石英91%	67	4%				√
昌内 Changnae		4	-
垂杨介Suyanggae		106	-	18630; 16400				√
好坪洞 Hopyeong-dong	脉石英54.2%	1074	21.6%	25852~25013 27716~25352			√
石壮里Seokjang-ri		6	-	30781~21265				√
月城洞Wolseong-dong	角页岩82%	357	2.76%	32300±3200^*	√	√
新北Sinbuk		28	0.8%	29700~19400	√

遗址 Site	普通石核 Cores	石叶石核Blade cores	细石核 Micro-blade cores	石叶和细石叶Blades & Microblades	石器 Retouched tools	废片 Debitage	断块 Chunks	总计 Total
珲春北山 Beishan^[11]	2; 4.4%	-	-	4; 8.9%	2; 4.4%	37; 82.2%	-	43; 100%
辉南邵家店Shaojiadian^[14]	-	-	-	-	5; 35.7%	9; 64.3%	-	14; 100%
和龙柳洞Liudong^[24,25]	6; 4.5%	-	2; 1.5%	11; 8.4%	13; 9.8%	77; 58.4%	23; 17.4%	132; 100%
和龙大洞Dadong^[28]	29; 0.5%	-	24; 0.4%	156; 2.8%	548; 9.8%	4026; 72.4%	784; 14.1%	5567; 100%
和龙大洞Dadong 2007^[27]	-	-	-	-	20; 28.6%	45; 64.3%	5; 7.1%	70; 100%
和龙大洞Dadong^[26]	-	1; 0.02%	14;0.3%	201; 4.58%	106; 2.4%	3598; 82%	469; 10.7%	4389; 100%
和龙青头Qingtou^[21]	-	-	-	18; 9.8%	39; 21.4%	104; 56.8%	22; 12%	183; 100%
安图沙金沟Shajingou^[20]	1; 1.3%	-	2;2.7%	7; 9.3%	15; 20%	50; 66.7%	-	75; 100%
新屯西山遗址Xintun xishan^[15]	-	1; 3.35%	-	1; 3.35%	-	28; 93.3%	-	30; 100%
和龙林场Linchang^[29]	-	-	1;0.9%	13; 11.5%	5; 4.4%	94; 83.2%	-	113; 100%
和龙西沟 Xigou^[22]	-	-	-	9; 12.7%	28; 39.4%	34; 47.9%	-	71; 100%
和龙石人沟Shirengou^[30]	1; 2.5%	1; 2.5%	-	6; 15%	8; 20%	24; 60%	-	40; 100%
和龙石人沟Shirengou^[31]	1; 0.1%	-	11; 0.9%	297; 23%	98; 7.6%	793; 61.4%	91; 7%	1291; 100%
和龙石人沟Shirengou^[32]	2; 3.9%	-	1; 2%	4; 7.8%	22; 43.1%	16; 31.4%	6; 11.8%	51; 100%
杨林西山 Yanglinxishan^[9]	-	-	-	2; 50%	-	2; 50%	-	4; 100%
秦家东山Qinjiadongshan^[8]	-	-	-	1; 12.5%	7; 87.5%	-	-	8; 100%
炮台山遗址Paotaishan^[7]	-	-	1; 6.2%	-	4; 25%	7; 43.8%	4; 25%	16; 100%
牛心村遗址Niuxincun^[23]	-	-	1; 2.2%	2; 4.3%	9; 19.6%	31; 67.4%	3; 6.5%	46; 100%
二水坪遗址Ershuiping^[23]	1; 2%	-	2; 4%	2; 4%	5; 10%	31; 62%	9; 18%	50; 100%
广兴遗址 Guangxing^[23]	2; 9.5%	-	-	1; 4.8%	5; 23.8%	13; 61.9%	-	21; 100%
桦甸仙人洞Xianrendong^[13]	-	-	-	-	1; 100%	-	-	1; 100%
海沟金矿Jinkuang^[18]	-	-	-	-	-	1; 100%	-	1; 100%
两江镇石人沟LJZ Shirengou^[18]	-	-	1; 5%	8; 40%	2; 10%	9; 45%	-	20; 100%
总计/Total	45; 0.37%	3; 0.02%	60; 0.49%	743; 6.07%	942; 7.7%	9029; 73.78%	1416; 11.67%	12338; 100%