2019 excavation report of the Bianfudong Paleolithic site in Heqing, Yunnan

doi:10.16359/j.1000-3193/AAS.2023.0024

Abstract

Abstract:

The Bianfudong Paleolithic site is located in the middle valley of the Jinshajiang River. Due to early quarrying damage, the roof, entrance and frontal part of the cave were severely destroyed. To accompany basic construction, we conducted a rescue excavation in 2019. The excavation area is approximately 30 m away from the original entrance to the cave. The stratigraphy of the site consists of two parts: cultural deposits and underlying cave fissure deposits. The cultural deposit is 2.3 m in thickness and divided into two cultural stages (upper and lower) comprising ten sub-layers. Some hominin fossils, stone artifacts and plentiful animal fossils have been excavated from the cultural layers, along with some fauna from the natural cave fissure deposits. A large number of stone artifacts were excavated from the lower cultural layer with both core and flake tools identified. In contrast, mainly flake tools were identified from the upper layer. Broken fossil bones excavated from cultural layers are dominated by deer and bovids totalling more than 100 individuals, and some bones preserve artificial marks on the surface. The U-series dating of the site gives the age of the lower cultural layer between 180 kaBP and 140 kaBP, while the top of upper cultural layer is dated to ca. 70 kaBP.

Key words: Bianfudong site, Pleistocene, Homini

CLC Number:

K871.11

RUAN Qijun, LIU Jianhui, YE Rongbo, SHAO Qingfeng, YANG Sen, ZHOU Jianwei, HUA Chunyong, SUN Jian, ZHANG Xiaomei, LUO Xingrong. 2019 excavation report of the Bianfudong Paleolithic site in Heqing, Yunnan[J]. Acta Anthropologica Sinica, 2023, 42(04): 503-513.

Figures/Tables 6

References 11

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类型Classes	CL3	CL4	CL5	CL6	CL7	CL8	CL9	CL10	CL11	CL12	数量n		比例%
备料Manuport	9	1	1	1	12	2	5		17		48		3.5%
石核Cores	28	8		4	25	3	70	9	31		202		14.8%
普通石核Unsecialized cores	26	8		3	24	3	64	8	30	23		189		13.8%
盘状石核Discoidal cores	2			1	1		5	1		1		11		0.8%
窄长片疤石核Cores with elongated flaking scars							1		1			2		0.2%
石片Flake	45	15	1	4	56	4	27	0	11	16	179		13.1%
完整石片Whole flakes	29	12	1	3	44	4	21		8	5		127		9.3%
不完整石片Flake fragments	16	3		1	12		6		3	11		52		3.8%
石器Tools	35	5	0	1	21	5	43	3	13	10	136		10.0%
石锤Hammer stones	1						1		2	1		5		0.4%
刮削器Scrapers	23	2			10	3	23		6	4		71		5.2%
砍砸器Choppers					3	2	13	2	4	4		28		2.0%
锯齿刃器Denticulates	5	1		1	2		2			1		12		0.9%
凹缺器Notches	6	2			3		3	1	1			16		1.2%
尖状器Points					3		1					4		0.3%
残断品Debris	154	35	4	13	165	3	145	16	125	141	801		58.6%
合计Total	271	64	6	23	279	17	290	28	197	191	1366		100%

类型Classes	CL3	CL4	CL5	CL6	CL7	CL8	CL9	CL10	CL11	CL12	数量n		比例%
备料Manuport	9	1	1	1	12	2	5		17		48		3.5%
石核Cores	28	8		4	25	3	70	9	31		202		14.8%
普通石核Unsecialized cores	26	8		3	24	3	64	8	30	23		189		13.8%
盘状石核Discoidal cores	2			1	1		5	1		1		11		0.8%
窄长片疤石核Cores with elongated flaking scars							1		1			2		0.2%
石片Flake	45	15	1	4	56	4	27	0	11	16	179		13.1%
完整石片Whole flakes	29	12	1	3	44	4	21		8	5		127		9.3%
不完整石片Flake fragments	16	3		1	12		6		3	11		52		3.8%
石器Tools	35	5	0	1	21	5	43	3	13	10	136		10.0%
石锤Hammer stones	1						1		2	1		5		0.4%
刮削器Scrapers	23	2			10	3	23		6	4		71		5.2%
砍砸器Choppers					3	2	13	2	4	4		28		2.0%
锯齿刃器Denticulates	5	1		1	2		2			1		12		0.9%
凹缺器Notches	6	2			3		3	1	1			16		1.2%
尖状器Points					3		1					4		0.3%
残断品Debris	154	35	4	13	165	3	145	16	125	141	801		58.6%
合计Total	271	64	6	23	279	17	290	28	197	191	1366		100%

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