Acta Anthropologica Sinica ›› 2024, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (03): 448-457.doi: 10.16359/j.1000-3193/AAS.2023.0066
• Excavation/Investigation Reports • Previous Articles Next Articles
XIAO Peiyuan1,2(), RUAN Qijun3,4(
), GAO Yu4, JIA Zhenxiu4, ZHANG Ming5, YANG Lijing5, LIU Jianhui3, LI Sanling6, LI Hao4
Received:
2023-06-06
Revised:
2023-08-21
Online:
2024-06-15
Published:
2024-06-04
CLC Number:
XIAO Peiyuan, RUAN Qijun, GAO Yu, JIA Zhenxiu, ZHANG Ming, YANG Lijing, LIU Jianhui, LI Sanling, LI Hao. 2022 survey report of Paleolithic sites in the Binchuan Basin in Yunnan[J]. Acta Anthropologica Sinica, 2024, 43(03): 448-457.
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URL: https://www.anthropol.ac.cn/EN/10.16359/j.1000-3193/AAS.2023.0066
编号No. | 遗址名称Sites | 地理坐标Coordinate | 海拔(m)Altitude | 行政区划Attribution | 石制品数量(n)Remains | 海拔(m)Elevation | 位置 Location |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 海坝村 | 25°59′47″N; 100°31′10″E | 1498 | 力角镇 | 17 | 158 | 山体顶部 |
2 | 寨子山 | 25°58′55″N; 100°32′4″E | 1378 | 力角镇 | 22 | 33 | 三级阶地 |
3 | 乌龟箐 | 26°0′0″N; 100°31′18″E | 1542 | 力角镇 | 6 | 187 | 山体顶部 |
4 | 花椒箐 | 25°59′21″N; 100°31′56″E | 1364 | 力角镇 | 7 | 45 | 三级阶地 |
5 | 橄榄树大地 | 25°59′23″N; 100°31′53″E | 1372 | 力角镇 | 3 | 40 | 三级阶地 |
6 | 大坪地遗址第1地点 | 26°0′0″N; 100°32′20″E | 1359 | 力角镇 | 7 | 25 | 三级阶地 |
7 | 大坪地遗址第2地点 | 26°0′2″N; 100°32′16″E | 1380 | 力角镇 | 7 | 38 | 三级阶地 |
8 | 庙坡头 | 25°58′39″N; 100°32′33″E | 1374 | 力角镇 | 6 | 31 | 三级阶地 |
9 | 岩涧桥 | 25°57′31″N; 100°31′47″E | 1406 | 力角镇 | 25 | 48 | 三级阶地 |
10 | 对门山 | 25°54′43″N; 100°27′53″E | 1674 | 鸡足山镇 | 4 | 41 | 三级阶地 |
11 | 东邑村 | 25°54′29″N; 100°27′57″E | 1687 | 鸡足山镇 | 9 | 60 | 四级阶地 |
12 | 石围岗 | 25°54′10″N; 100°28′25″E | 1666 | 鸡足山镇 | 20 | 51 | 四级阶地 |
13 | 钟家梁子 | 25°54′7″N; 100°28′11″E | 1652 | 鸡足山镇 | 16 | 30 | 三级阶地 |
14 | 瓦窑湾 | 25°53′59″N; 100°29′34″E | 1722 | 鸡足山镇 | 46 | 150 | 山体顶部 |
15 | 南京庄 | 25°53′35″N; 100°28′23″E | 1644 | 鸡足山镇 | 14 | 30 | 三级阶地 |
16 | 青光山 | 25°54′22″N; 100°27′21″E | 1676 | 鸡足山镇 | 7 | 46 | 三级阶地 |
17 | 牛泥塘 | 25°53′24″N; 100°27′37″E | 1664 | 鸡足山镇 | 12 | 58 | 四级阶地 |
18 | 福田庄 | 25°53′6″N; 100°27′45″E | 1666 | 鸡足山镇 | 8 | 73 | 四级阶地 |
19 | 烙尖山 | 25°52′52″N; 100°28′2″E | 1649 | 鸡足山镇 | 25 | 60 | 四级阶地 |
20 | 彭家大地 | 25°52′41″N; 100°28′10″E | 1631 | 鸡足山镇 | 9 | 46 | 三级阶地 |
21 | 火烧坡 | 25°52′32″N; 100°28′13″E | 1625 | 鸡足山镇 | 3 | 40 | 三级阶地 |
22 | 赵坎庄 | 25°52′25″N; 100°28′16″E | 1621 | 鸡足山镇 | 10 | 45 | 三级阶地 |
23 | 甸尾村 | 25°52′4″N; 100°28′38″E | 1568 | 鸡足山镇 | 12 | 50 | 四级阶地 |
24 | 铜佛殿村 | 25°51′47″N; 100°28′54″E | 1620 | 鸡足山镇 | 7 | 53 | 四级阶地 |
25 | 棉花梁子 | 25°53′3″N; 100°29′5″E | 1635 | 鸡足山镇 | 23 | 55 | 四级阶地 |
26 | 棉花地 | 25°52′51″N; 100°29′23″E | 1626 | 鸡足山镇 | 11 | 46 | 三级阶地 |
27 | 石头湾 | 25°52′41″N; 100°29′61″E | 1617 | 鸡足山镇 | 15 | 37 | 三级阶地 |
28 | 小尖山 | 25°52′35″N; 100°29′34″E | 1672 | 鸡足山镇 | 13 | 130 | 山体顶部 |
29 | 白坟 | 25°52′21″N; 100°29′17″E | 1599 | 鸡足山镇 | 12 | 40 | 三级阶地 |
30 | 检槽湾 | 25°52′9″N; 100°29′22″E | 1620 | 鸡足山镇 | 3 | 55 | 四级阶地 |
31 | 卢家村 | 25°51′56″N; 100°29′55″E | 1634 | 鸡足山镇 | 4 | 69 | 四级阶地 |
32 | 彩凤村 | 25°50′8″N; 100°31′7″E | 1521 | 金牛镇 | 19 | 51 | 四级阶地 |
33 | 周西营梁子 | 25°49′43″N; 100°32′5″E | 1511 | 金牛镇 | 15 | 40 | 三级阶地 |
Tab.1 Information of the Paleolithic sites in the Binchuan Basin
编号No. | 遗址名称Sites | 地理坐标Coordinate | 海拔(m)Altitude | 行政区划Attribution | 石制品数量(n)Remains | 海拔(m)Elevation | 位置 Location |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 海坝村 | 25°59′47″N; 100°31′10″E | 1498 | 力角镇 | 17 | 158 | 山体顶部 |
2 | 寨子山 | 25°58′55″N; 100°32′4″E | 1378 | 力角镇 | 22 | 33 | 三级阶地 |
3 | 乌龟箐 | 26°0′0″N; 100°31′18″E | 1542 | 力角镇 | 6 | 187 | 山体顶部 |
4 | 花椒箐 | 25°59′21″N; 100°31′56″E | 1364 | 力角镇 | 7 | 45 | 三级阶地 |
5 | 橄榄树大地 | 25°59′23″N; 100°31′53″E | 1372 | 力角镇 | 3 | 40 | 三级阶地 |
6 | 大坪地遗址第1地点 | 26°0′0″N; 100°32′20″E | 1359 | 力角镇 | 7 | 25 | 三级阶地 |
7 | 大坪地遗址第2地点 | 26°0′2″N; 100°32′16″E | 1380 | 力角镇 | 7 | 38 | 三级阶地 |
8 | 庙坡头 | 25°58′39″N; 100°32′33″E | 1374 | 力角镇 | 6 | 31 | 三级阶地 |
9 | 岩涧桥 | 25°57′31″N; 100°31′47″E | 1406 | 力角镇 | 25 | 48 | 三级阶地 |
10 | 对门山 | 25°54′43″N; 100°27′53″E | 1674 | 鸡足山镇 | 4 | 41 | 三级阶地 |
11 | 东邑村 | 25°54′29″N; 100°27′57″E | 1687 | 鸡足山镇 | 9 | 60 | 四级阶地 |
12 | 石围岗 | 25°54′10″N; 100°28′25″E | 1666 | 鸡足山镇 | 20 | 51 | 四级阶地 |
13 | 钟家梁子 | 25°54′7″N; 100°28′11″E | 1652 | 鸡足山镇 | 16 | 30 | 三级阶地 |
14 | 瓦窑湾 | 25°53′59″N; 100°29′34″E | 1722 | 鸡足山镇 | 46 | 150 | 山体顶部 |
15 | 南京庄 | 25°53′35″N; 100°28′23″E | 1644 | 鸡足山镇 | 14 | 30 | 三级阶地 |
16 | 青光山 | 25°54′22″N; 100°27′21″E | 1676 | 鸡足山镇 | 7 | 46 | 三级阶地 |
17 | 牛泥塘 | 25°53′24″N; 100°27′37″E | 1664 | 鸡足山镇 | 12 | 58 | 四级阶地 |
18 | 福田庄 | 25°53′6″N; 100°27′45″E | 1666 | 鸡足山镇 | 8 | 73 | 四级阶地 |
19 | 烙尖山 | 25°52′52″N; 100°28′2″E | 1649 | 鸡足山镇 | 25 | 60 | 四级阶地 |
20 | 彭家大地 | 25°52′41″N; 100°28′10″E | 1631 | 鸡足山镇 | 9 | 46 | 三级阶地 |
21 | 火烧坡 | 25°52′32″N; 100°28′13″E | 1625 | 鸡足山镇 | 3 | 40 | 三级阶地 |
22 | 赵坎庄 | 25°52′25″N; 100°28′16″E | 1621 | 鸡足山镇 | 10 | 45 | 三级阶地 |
23 | 甸尾村 | 25°52′4″N; 100°28′38″E | 1568 | 鸡足山镇 | 12 | 50 | 四级阶地 |
24 | 铜佛殿村 | 25°51′47″N; 100°28′54″E | 1620 | 鸡足山镇 | 7 | 53 | 四级阶地 |
25 | 棉花梁子 | 25°53′3″N; 100°29′5″E | 1635 | 鸡足山镇 | 23 | 55 | 四级阶地 |
26 | 棉花地 | 25°52′51″N; 100°29′23″E | 1626 | 鸡足山镇 | 11 | 46 | 三级阶地 |
27 | 石头湾 | 25°52′41″N; 100°29′61″E | 1617 | 鸡足山镇 | 15 | 37 | 三级阶地 |
28 | 小尖山 | 25°52′35″N; 100°29′34″E | 1672 | 鸡足山镇 | 13 | 130 | 山体顶部 |
29 | 白坟 | 25°52′21″N; 100°29′17″E | 1599 | 鸡足山镇 | 12 | 40 | 三级阶地 |
30 | 检槽湾 | 25°52′9″N; 100°29′22″E | 1620 | 鸡足山镇 | 3 | 55 | 四级阶地 |
31 | 卢家村 | 25°51′56″N; 100°29′55″E | 1634 | 鸡足山镇 | 4 | 69 | 四级阶地 |
32 | 彩凤村 | 25°50′8″N; 100°31′7″E | 1521 | 金牛镇 | 19 | 51 | 四级阶地 |
33 | 周西营梁子 | 25°49′43″N; 100°32′5″E | 1511 | 金牛镇 | 15 | 40 | 三级阶地 |
类型Types | 石英正长斑岩 Quartz Syenite Porphyry | 安山岩Andesite | 燧石Chert | 粗砂岩Coarse Sandstone | 石英Quartz | 灰岩Limestone | 总计Total | 占比Percentage |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
完整石片Complete flakes | 155 | 4 | 3 | 6 | 1 | 169 | 40.5% | |
不完整石片Incomplete flakes | 41 | 1 | 2 | 44 | 10.6% | |||
石核Cores | 24 | 1 | 3 | 28 | 6.7% | |||
石器Tools | 82 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 85 | 20.4% | ||
断块Chunks | 78 | 6 | 4 | 3 | 91 | 21.8% | ||
总计Total | 380 | 12 | 8 | 15 | 1 | 1 | 417 | 100% |
Tab.2 Classification and raw materials of stone artifacts (n)
类型Types | 石英正长斑岩 Quartz Syenite Porphyry | 安山岩Andesite | 燧石Chert | 粗砂岩Coarse Sandstone | 石英Quartz | 灰岩Limestone | 总计Total | 占比Percentage |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
完整石片Complete flakes | 155 | 4 | 3 | 6 | 1 | 169 | 40.5% | |
不完整石片Incomplete flakes | 41 | 1 | 2 | 44 | 10.6% | |||
石核Cores | 24 | 1 | 3 | 28 | 6.7% | |||
石器Tools | 82 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 85 | 20.4% | ||
断块Chunks | 78 | 6 | 4 | 3 | 91 | 21.8% | ||
总计Total | 380 | 12 | 8 | 15 | 1 | 1 | 417 | 100% |
测量指标Measure index | 完整石片Complete flakes | 不完整石片Incomplete flakes | 石核Cores | 刮削器Scrapers | 其他类型石器Other tools | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
普通石片Ordinary flakes | 特殊石片Unusual flakes | 基纳型刮削器Quina-type scrapers | 普通刮削器Ordinary scrapers | |||||
长度(mm)Length | 最小值Min | 13.0 | 20.3 | 21.5 | 30.7 | 37.6 | 42.3 | 27.4 |
最大值Max | 106.0 | 78.7 | 160.7 | 115.2 | 94.6 | 69.2 | 95.4 | |
平均值Ave | 46.8 | 40.7 | 54.5 | 68.5 | 59.3 | 60.1 | 57.2 | |
标准差σ | 15.8 | 12.0 | 25.7 | 21.1 | 11.4 | 8.0 | 15.6 | |
宽度(mm)Width | 最小值Min | 16.0 | 16.0 | 15.1 | 24.7 | 27.1 | 50.1 | 18.2 |
最大值Max | 103.7 | 75.1 | 105.9 | 101.2 | 84.0 | 65.8 | 88.1 | |
平均值Ave | 38.2 | 33.6 | 42.3 | 58.2 | 52.1 | 34.0 | 49.4 | |
标准差σ | 14.4 | 11.7 | 18.0 | 20.1 | 12.0 | 9.9 | 15.7 | |
厚度(mm)Thickness | 最小值Min | 3.8 | 4.1 | 5.2 | 8.7 | 12.8 | 10.7 | 5.5 |
最大值Max | 42.4 | 29.6 | 49.0 | 87.3 | 46.4 | 49.6 | 32.2 | |
平均值Ave | 13.5 | 11.5 | 18.5 | 40.3 | 26.3 | 23.8 | 19.2 | |
标准差σ | 6.8 | 5.1 | 11.1 | 18.5 | 8.0 | 10.3 | 7.5 | |
质量(g)Weight | 最小值Min | 1.6 | 1.1 | 1.7 | 6.7 | 17.3 | 13.3 | 3.2 |
最大值Max | 317.8 | 154.1 | 320.1 | 859.6 | 505.2 | 117.9 | 135.0 | |
平均值Ave | 29.4 | 18.5 | 55.8 | 204.7 | 90.2 | 68.9 | 53.8 | |
标准差σ | 43.1 | 25.6 | 80.1 | 204.4 | 75.3 | 34.6 | 33.7 |
Tab.3 The size of stone artifacts
测量指标Measure index | 完整石片Complete flakes | 不完整石片Incomplete flakes | 石核Cores | 刮削器Scrapers | 其他类型石器Other tools | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
普通石片Ordinary flakes | 特殊石片Unusual flakes | 基纳型刮削器Quina-type scrapers | 普通刮削器Ordinary scrapers | |||||
长度(mm)Length | 最小值Min | 13.0 | 20.3 | 21.5 | 30.7 | 37.6 | 42.3 | 27.4 |
最大值Max | 106.0 | 78.7 | 160.7 | 115.2 | 94.6 | 69.2 | 95.4 | |
平均值Ave | 46.8 | 40.7 | 54.5 | 68.5 | 59.3 | 60.1 | 57.2 | |
标准差σ | 15.8 | 12.0 | 25.7 | 21.1 | 11.4 | 8.0 | 15.6 | |
宽度(mm)Width | 最小值Min | 16.0 | 16.0 | 15.1 | 24.7 | 27.1 | 50.1 | 18.2 |
最大值Max | 103.7 | 75.1 | 105.9 | 101.2 | 84.0 | 65.8 | 88.1 | |
平均值Ave | 38.2 | 33.6 | 42.3 | 58.2 | 52.1 | 34.0 | 49.4 | |
标准差σ | 14.4 | 11.7 | 18.0 | 20.1 | 12.0 | 9.9 | 15.7 | |
厚度(mm)Thickness | 最小值Min | 3.8 | 4.1 | 5.2 | 8.7 | 12.8 | 10.7 | 5.5 |
最大值Max | 42.4 | 29.6 | 49.0 | 87.3 | 46.4 | 49.6 | 32.2 | |
平均值Ave | 13.5 | 11.5 | 18.5 | 40.3 | 26.3 | 23.8 | 19.2 | |
标准差σ | 6.8 | 5.1 | 11.1 | 18.5 | 8.0 | 10.3 | 7.5 | |
质量(g)Weight | 最小值Min | 1.6 | 1.1 | 1.7 | 6.7 | 17.3 | 13.3 | 3.2 |
最大值Max | 317.8 | 154.1 | 320.1 | 859.6 | 505.2 | 117.9 | 135.0 | |
平均值Ave | 29.4 | 18.5 | 55.8 | 204.7 | 90.2 | 68.9 | 53.8 | |
标准差σ | 43.1 | 25.6 | 80.1 | 204.4 | 75.3 | 34.6 | 33.7 |
Fig.3 Quina-type scrapers discovered from the Binchuan Basin Scalariform scars are highlighted by diagrams on the right, which change visual effect by tilting specimens from ventral to dorsal (specimen 1 and 2) and turning 90° from ventral to dorsal (specimen 3); Something should be pointed out that due to the large thickness of Quina-type scrapers, there is a certain visual difference in the edge shape between the front view and the half side view
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