2D visualization and quantitative analysis of the humeral diaphysis cortical thickness

doi:10.16359/j.cnki.cn11-1963/q.2020.0021

Abstract

Abstract:

Morphometric mapping is a 2D visualization method that displays 3D morphometric information, which can effectively reflect the distribution characteristics of cortical thickness. Despite there exist differences in the distribution pattern of cortical thickness between modern humans and Pleistocene archaic humans and great apes, more explorations are needed to test whether there are variations within Holocene modern humans. In present study, 34 right humeral specimens (23 males and 11 females) from 6 Holocene central and north China agricultural populations were selected to analyze the distribution characteristics of the humeral diaphysis cortical thickness by morphometric mapping comprehensively. This work compared the differences between the analysis results obtained after standardizing the cortical thickness by maximum thickness and biomechanical length, and verified the applicability of principal component analysis on morphometric mapping. The results reveal that within the Holocene central and north China agricultural populations, there exists some variances between males and females, but males of different populations show no obvious distinction. Though this work to some extent reveals the variations in the distribution of humeral diaphysis cortical thickness of Holocene modern humans by analyzing the agricultural populations from Holocene central and northern China, it’s still necessary to carry out works on new specimens which contain diverse populations, large sample size and strict variable control by method used in the present study, so as to verify or expand the conclusions obtained here in the future.

Key words: Humerus, Morphometric maps, Principal component analysis, Sexual dimorphism

CLC Number:

Q983⁺.3

ΖΗΑΟ Yuhao, ΖHOU Mi, WEI Pianpian, XING Song. 2D visualization and quantitative analysis of the humeral diaphysis cortical thickness[J]. Acta Anthropologica Sinica, 2020, 39(04): 632-647.

Figures/Tables 8

Tab.1 The basic information of humeri used in the present study*

地点 Site	时代 Chronological age	男Male	女 Female
河南省淅川县马岭Maling, Xichuan, Henan	后冈一期Hougang I	4	2
湖北省江陵县高台Gaotai, Jiangling, Hubei	汉代Han Dynasty	5	3
湖北省武汉市新洲区邾城工业园Zhucheng industrial park, Wuhan, Hubei	汉代Han Dynasty	1	1
湖北省房县计家湾Jijiawan, Fang, Hubei	秦代Qin Dynasty	1	1
湖北省襄阳市吴家坡Wujiapo, Xiangyang, hubei	唐代Tang Dynasty	2	0
河南省新乡市君子村Junzicun, Xinxiang, Henan	清代Qing Dynasty	10	4

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of morphometric maps (MM) Y axis of MM (from top to bottom): proximal, mid-proximal, midshaft, mid-distal, distal; X axis of MM (from left to right): lateral, anterior, medial, posterior, lateral.

Fig.2 Mean morphometric maps of male and female A, B: Standardized by maximum thickness; C, D: Standardized by biomechanical length; A, C: males; B, D: females; The white arrows indicate the positions that reflect the difference in thickness distribution between male and female

Fig.3 Mean morphometric maps of different populations A: Standardized by maximum thickness; B: Standardized by biomechanical length; The white arrows indicate the positions that reflect the differences in thickness distribution between different populations. From left to right: Maling, Gaotai, Junzicun.

Fig.4 The results of PCA after standardized by maximum thickness A: The PCA results of all specimens for demonstrating gender differences primarily. B: The PCA results of all male specimens for demonstrating population differences

Fig.5 The changing pattern of morphometric maps corresponding to the PCA results after standardized by maximum thickness A: The changing pattern of morphometric maps corresponding to the PCA results of all specimens for demonstrating gender differences primarily; B: The changing pattern of morphometric maps corresponding to the PCA results of all male specimens for demonstrating population differences; →：the direction which the PC value changes from small to large in the PCA results. The white arrows indicate the positions that reflect the differences in thickness distribution between different genders or populations

Fig.6 The results of PCA after standardized by biomechanical length A: The PCA results of all specimens for demonstrating gender differences primarily. B: The PCA results of all male specimens for demonstrating population differences

Fig.7 The changing pattern of morphometric maps corresponding to the PCA results after standardized by biomechanical length A: The changing pattern of morphometric maps corresponding to the PCA results of all specimens for demonstrating gender differences primarily; B: The changing pattern of morphometric maps corresponding to the PCA results of all male specimens for demonstrating population differences; →：the direction which the PC value changes from small to large in the PCA results. The white arrows indicate the positions that reflect the differences in thickness distribution between different genders or populations

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