New mammalian fossils from the Hualongdong site in Dongzhi County, Anhui

doi:10.16359/j.1000-3193/AAS.2025.0066

Abstract

Abstract:

The Hualongdong site (Hualongdong Loc.1) in Dongzhi County, Anhui Province is the most important fossil site of mid-Pleistocene Homo found in China in recent years. The Hualongdong site was discovered in 1988 and has undergone 9 formal excavations in 2006, 2014~2016, 2017~2019 and 2023 respectively. The mammalian fossils unearthed during the periods 2014~2016 have been preliminarily reported; Since 2017 onward, a large number of mammal fossils have been discovered, and more species have been added to the fauna list: Rhinopithecus sp., Canis sp., Ailuropoda wulingshanensis, Panthera pardus, Neofelis nebulosa, Prionailurus kurteni, Prionodon hualongensis, Paguma larvata, Urva urva, Crocuta ultima, Equus sp., Stephanorhinus sp., Rusa unicorlor, Hydropotes sp. and Capricornis sp. At present, there are as many as 93 species, including undetermined species of mammals have been recognized from the Hualongdong site. More and more complete fossil specimens have been added to the previously reported genera and species, such as the Ursus thibetanus, Ailuropoda baconi, Panthera tigris, Sus lydekkeri, Cervus grayi, and Bos (Bibos) sp., among which Sus lydekkeri and Bos (Bibos) sp. have the largest body sizes for their kinds ever known. The fossils of brown bear (Ursus arctos), horse (Equus sp.), Lydekker's pig (Sus lydekkeri) and giant deer (Sinomegaceros sp.) from Hualongdong represent the southernmost occurrence of their kinds in eastern China, and they are more frequently recovered in the northern faunas. The age of the fauna of the Hualongdong site is complicated by the discovery of the fossil of Ailuropoda wulingshanensis, because this species was only found in the late Early Pleistocene sites, which is obviously inconsistent with the formation time (ca. 300 ka) of the Hualongdong site as currently dated. The explanation for this phenomenon is most likely due to the collapse and re-accumulation of the original cave deposits, resulting in a mixture of old and new strata. The dominant species of the Hualongdong fauna are gaurs and diverse cervids, which are very similar to those of the Bailongdong fauna in Hubei Province. The Hualongdong fauna is different from that of the nearby Hexian Man Site in the lackness of gaurs in the latter. In general, the dominant species of the Hualongdong fauna is comparable to the Ailuropoda-Stegodon fauna of Middle Pleistocene in southern China, but with a few invaders from the North, which suggests a relatively cold substage at which the Hualongdong Man once experienced. The Hualongdong fauna is different from the Late Pleistocene fauna of southern China, the latter is usually dominated by the Sus scrofa-cervids assemblage.

Key words: New fossils, mammals, Hualongdong, Middle Pleistocene

CLC Number:

Q915.87

TONG Haowen, JIANGZUO Qigao, LI Qiang, CHANG Meijing, LIU Boxuan, JIN Zetian. New mammalian fossils from the Hualongdong site in Dongzhi County, Anhui[J]. Acta Anthropologica Sinica, 2025, 44(05): 779-798.

Figures/Tables 10

References 90

[1]	Wu XJ, Pei SW, Cai YJ, et al. Archaic human remains from Hualongdong, China, and Middle Pleistocene human continuity and variation[J]. PNAS, 2019, 116: 9820-9824
[2]	Wu XJ, Pei SW, Cai YJ, et al. Morphological description and evolutionary significance of 300 ka hominin facial bones from Hualongdong, China[J]. Journal of Human Evolution, 2021, 161: 103052
[3]	陈胜前, 罗虎. 安徽东至县华龙洞旧石器时代遗址发掘简报[J]. 考古, 2012, 4: 7-13
[4]	同号文, 吴秀杰, 董哲, 等. 安徽东至华龙洞2014-2016年出土哺乳动物化石初步研究[J]. 人类学学报, 2018, 36(2): 284-305
[5]	董哲, 裴树文, 盛锦朝, 等. 安徽东至华龙洞古人类遗址2014-2016年出土的石制品[J]. 第四纪研究, 2017, 37(4): 778-788
[6]	裴树文, 蔡演军, 董哲, 等. 安徽东至华龙洞遗址洞穴演化与古人类活动[J]. 人类学学报, 2022, 41(4): 593-607
[7]	江左其杲, 刘博轩, 刘驷统, 等. 华龙洞1号地点的食肉目哺乳动物化石及其时代和古生态意义[J]. 人类学学报, 2025, 44(5): 836-849
[8]	常美静, 李强, 倪喜军, 等. 非飞行小哺乳动物化石反映的华龙洞人生存环境[J]. 人类学学报, 2025, 44(5): 799-815
[9]	邱占祥, 黄为龙, 郭志慧. 中国的三趾马化石[M]. 中国古生物志,总号第175册.新丙种第25号[M]. 北京: 科学出版社. 1987, 1-250
[10]	Trotter M, Hixo BB, MacDonald BJ. Development and size of the teeth of Macaca mulatta[J]. American Journal of Anatomy, 1977, 150: 109-128 pmid: 412407
[11]	Iwamoto M. On a skull of a fossil macaque from the Shikimizu limestone quarry in the Shikoku District, Japan[J]. Primates, 1975, 16: 83-94
[12]	Tong HW. Fossils of Macaca mulatta from Tianyuan Cave, with notes on some previously unpublished specimens of Macaca from Zhoukoudian Area[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica, 2014, 88(5): 1397-1408
[13]	赵晓进, 张红绪, 李卫国, 等. 太行山的猕猴头骨和某些体征研究初报[J]. 动物学报, 1997, 16(S1): 124-127
[14]	Leigh SR, Setchell JM, Buchanan LS. Ontogenetic bases of canine dimorphism in anthropoid primates[J]. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 2005, 127: 296-311 pmid: 15584072
[15]	Young CC. On the Insectivora, Chiroptera, Rodentia and Primates other than Sinanthropus from locality 1 at Choukoutien[M]. Palaeontologia Sinica, 1934, Ser. C, 8(3): 1-139
[16]	路纪琪, 薛德明, 吕九全, 等. 太行山猕猴牙齿与颅长的相关性[J]. 动物学杂志, 2001, 36(5): 51-56
[17]	张耀平, 李致祥, 彭燕章, 等. 金丝猴的牙齿[J]. 动物学报, 1983, 29(3): 239-248
[18]	Colbert EH, Hooijer DA. Pleistocene mammals from the limestone fissures of Szechuan, China[M]. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 1953, 102(1): 1-134
[19]	Chang CH, Takai M, Ogino S. First discovery of colobine fossils from the early to middle Pleistocene of southern Taiwan[J]. Journal of Human Evolution, 2012, 63(3): 439-451
[20]	Takai M, Zhang YQ, Kono RT, et al. Changes in the composition of the Pleistocene primate fauna in southern China[J]. Quaternary International, 2014, 354: 75-85
[21]	王应祥, 蒋学龙, 冯庆. 中国叶猴类的分类、现状与保护[J]. 动物学研究, 1999, 20(4): 66-75
[22]	Smith AT, 解焱(主编). 中国兽类野外手册[M]. 长沙: 湖南教育出版社, 2009, 1-671
[23]	Swindler DR. Primate dentition-An introduction to the teeth of non-human primates[M]. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002, 1-296
[24]	Tong HW, Hu N, Wang XM. New remains of Canis chihliensis (Mammalia, Carnivora) from Shanshenmiaozui, a Lower Pleistocene Site in Yangyuan, Hebei[J]. Vertebrata PalAsiatica, 2012, 50(4): 335-360
[25]	Jiangzuo QG, Liu JY, Wagner J, et al. Taxonomical revision of fossil Canis in Middle Pleistocene sites of Zhoukoudian, Beijing, China and a review of fossil records of Canis mosbachensis variabilis in China[J]. Quaternary International, 2018, 482: 93-108
[26]	尤玉柱, 祁国琴. 云南元谋更新世哺乳动物化石新材料[J]. 古脊椎动物与古人类, 1973, 11(1): 66-85
[27]	Jiangzuo QG, Werdelin L, Zhang K, et al. Prionailurus kurteni (Felidae, Carnivora), a new species of small felid from the late Middle Pleistocene fossil hominin locality of Hualongdong, southern China[J]. Annales Zoologici Fennici, 2024, 61(1): 335-342
[28]	陈代贤主编. 虎、豹及其类似动物骨骼比较解剖图志[M]. 北京: 中国医药科技出版社, 1995, 1-58
[29]	Chiang PJ, Allen ML. A review of our current knowledge of clouded leopards (Neofelis nebulosa)[J]. International Journal of Avian & Wildlife Biology, 2017, 2(5): 00032
[30]	同号文, 张贝, 武仙竹, 等. 湖北郧西白龙洞中更新世古人类遗址的哺乳动物化石[J]. 人类学学报, 2019, 38(4): 613-641
[31]	Pei WC. On the Carnivora from Locality 1 of Choukoutien[M]. Palaeontologia Sinica, Ser C, 1934, 8(1): 1-166
[32]	黄河象研究小组. 黄河象[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 1975, 1-46
[33]	Hooijer DA. Fossil proboscidea from the Malay Archipelago and the Punjab[M]. Zoologische Verhande Leiden, 1955, 28: 1-146
[34]	Chen X, Tong HW. On the hindfoot bones of Mammuthus trogontherii from Shanshenmiaozui in Nihewan Basin, China[J]. Quaternary International, 2017, 445(2017): 50-59
[35]	裴文中. 哺乳动物化石的研究[A]. 见:裴文中(主编). 山西襄汾县丁村旧石器时代遗址发掘报告[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 1958, 20-74
[36]	邓涛, 薛祥煦. 中国的真马化石及其生活环境[M]. 北京: 海洋出版社, 1999, 1-158
[37]	Eisenmann V. Etude des dents jugales inférieures des Equus actuels et fossiles[J]. Palaeovertebrata, 1981, 10: 3-4
[38]	裴文中. 云南元谋更新世初期的哺乳动物化石(附广西柳城“巨猿洞”马化石的研究)[J]. 古脊椎动物与古人类, 1961, 1: 16-31
[39]	刘后一, 尤玉柱. 云南元谋云南马化石新材料——兼论云南马的定义及亚洲化石马属的系统关系[J]. 古脊椎动物与古人类, 1974, 2: 126-138
[40]	Landry Z, Roloson MJ, Fraser D. Investigating the reliability of metapodials as taxonomic Indicators for Beringian horses[J]. Journal of Mammalian Evolution, 2022, 29: 863-875 doi: 10.1007/s10914-022-09626-4 pmid: 36438779
[41]	黄万波, 方其仁. 巫山猿人遗址[M]. 北京: 海洋出版社, 1991, 1-205
[42]	郑绍华(主编). 建始人遗址[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 2004, 1-412
[43]	同号文, 邱占祥. 奇蹄目[M]. 见:金昌柱, 刘金毅(主编). 安徽繁昌人字洞——早期人类活动遗址[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 2009, 286-320
[44]	房迎三, 董为. 奇蹄目[M]. 见:南京博物院江苏省考古研究所(编著). 南京驼子洞早更新世哺乳动物群[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 2007, 73-84
[45]	许春华, 张银运, 陈才弟, 等. 安徽巢县发现的人类枕骨化石和哺乳动物化石[J]. 人类学学报, 1984, 3(3): 202-209
[46]	黄蕴平, 姜林海, 贾维勇. 第四章-动物化石[M]. 见:南京市博物馆、北京大学考古学系汤山考古发掘队(编著). 南京人化石地点(1993-1994)[M]. 北京: 文物出版社, 1996, 83-247
[47]	郑龙亭, 黄万波. 和县人遗址[M]. 北京: 中华书局, 2001, 1-126
[48]	祁国琴, 何传坤. 台湾第四纪澎湖海沟动物群及古地理环境[J]. 第四纪研究, 1999, 2: 185
[49]	胡连荣. 舟山海底哺乳动物化石与个人生存环境[M]. 北京: 中国文史出版社, 2005, 1-172
[50]	胡海虔. 重庆万州盐井沟更新世貘类(哺乳动物纲,奇蹄目)化石新材料及相关研究[D]. 博士学位毕业论文, 北京: 中国科学院大学, 2024, 1-202
[51]	Guérin C. Les Rhinocéros (Mammalia, Perissodactyla) du Miocène Terminal au Pléistocène Superieur en Europe Occidentale: Comparaison avec les Espèces Actuelles[M]. Documents des Laboratoires de Géologie de Lyon, 1980, 79(1-3): 1-1185
[52]	陈少坤, 黄万波, 裴健, 等. 三峡地区最晚更新世的梅氏犀兼述中国南方更新世的犀牛化石[J]. 人类学学报, 2012, 31(04): 381-394
[53]	同号文, 武仙竹. 湖北神农架犀牛洞梅氏犀( 真犀科,哺乳动物纲) 化石[J]. 科学通报, 2010, 55(11): 1015-1025
[54]	Sala B, Fortelius M. The rhinoceroses of Isernia La Pineta (early Middle Pleistocene, Southern Italy)[J]. Palaeontographia Italica, 1993, 80: 157-174
[55]	Tong HW, Chen X, Zhang B. New fossil materials of Sus lydekkeri from the Early Pleistocene Shanshenmiaozui site in Nihewan Basin of North China[J]. Vertebrata PalAsiatica, 2025, 63(3): 210-241
[56]	张贝. 中国南方中-晚更新世鹿类化石研究[D]. 博士学位毕业论文, 北京: 中国科学院大学, 2021, 1-202
[57]	Young CC. On the artiodactyla from the Sinanthropus site at Choukoutien[M]. Palaeontologia Sinica, Ser. C, 1932, 8(2): 1-100
[58]	Zhang B, Tong HW. New fossils of sambar (Rusa unicolor) from Bailong Cave, a Middle Pleistocene human site in Hubei, China[J]. Quaternary International, 2020, 550: 120-129
[59]	Pei WC. On the mammalian remains from locality 3 at Choukoutien[M]. Palaeotologia Sinica, Ser. C, 1936, 7(5): 1-108
[60]	同号文, 李虹, 谢骏义, 等. 第四章:脊椎动物化石[M]. 见:董光荣,李保生,陈永志(主编). 萨拉乌苏河晚第四纪地质与古人类综合研究[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 2017, 157-204
[61]	吴新智, 尤玉柱. 大荔人遗址的初步观察[J]. 古脊椎动物与古人类, 1979, 17(4): 294-303
[62]	胡长康, 齐陶. 陕西蓝田公王岭更新世哺乳动物群[M]. 中国古生物志,新丙种第21号, 1978, 1-64
[63]	Teilhard de CP, Pei WC. The fossil mammals from Locality 13 of Choukoutien[M]. Palaeotologia Sinica, New Ser. C, 1941, 11: 1-106
[64]	同号文, 刘金毅, 张双权. 周口店田园洞大中型哺乳动物记述[J]. 人类学学报, 2004, 23(3): 213-223
[65]	同号文, 张双权, 李青, 等. 北京房山十渡西太平洞晚更新世哺乳动物化石[J]. 古脊椎动物学报, 2008, 46(1): 51-70
[66]	李有恒, 韩德芬. 陕西西安半坡新石器时代遗址中之兽类骨骼[J]. 古脊椎动物与古人类, 1959, 1(4): 173-185
[67]	Teilhard de Chardin P, Young CC. On the mammalian remains from the archaeological site of Anyang[M]. Palaeontologia Sinica, Ser. C, 1936, 12(1): 1-61
[68]	魏丰, 吴维棠, 张明华, 等. 浙江余姚河姆渡新石器时代遗址动物群[M]. 北京: 海洋出版社, 1990, 1-125
[69]	裴文中. 河南新蔡的第四纪哺乳类动物化石[J]. 古生物学报, 1956, 4(1): 77-100
[70]	Vislobokova IA, Lavrov AV. The earliest musk deer of the genus Moschus and their significance in clarifying of evolution and relationships of the family Moschidae[J]. Paleontological Journal, 43, 2009, 326-338
[71]	陈冠芳. 偶蹄目[M]. 见:郑绍华(编). 建始人遗址[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 2004, 254-308
[72]	王晓敏. 湖北郧西白龙洞更新世大额牛Bos (Bibos) gaurus及其年龄结构研究[D]. 硕士学位毕业论文, 北京: 中国科学院大学, 2013, 1-83
[73]	贾兰坡, 卫奇. 桑干河阳原县丁家堡水库全新统中的动物化石[J]. 古脊椎动物与古人类, 1980, 18(4): 327-333
[74]	Degerbøl M, Fredskild B. The urus (Bos primigenius Bojanus) and the Neolithic domesticated cattle (Bos taurus domesticus Linnè) in Denmark[J]. Kongelige Danske videnskabernes selskabs skrifter, 17, 1970, 1-234
[75]	Hassanin A. Systematics and Phylogeny of Cattle. In: Garrick D, Ruvinsky A(Eds.). The Genetics of Cattle (Second edition)[M]. Boston: Cabi. 2015, 1-18
[76]	Kovarovic K, Scott R. The evolution and skeletal anatomy of wild cattle (Bovini)[J]. In: Melletti M, Burton J(Eds.). Ecology, Evolution and Behaviour of Wild Cattle[C]. Cambridge University Press, 2014, 39-50
[77]	Wright E. The History of the European aurochs (Bos primigenius) from the Middle Pleistocene to its extinction: An archaeological investigation of its evolution, morphological variability and response to human exploitation[D]. PhD. Thesis, University of Shefeld, 2013, 1-324
[78]	Tong HW, Chen X, Zhang B, et al. New fossils of Bos primigenius (Artiodactyla, Mammalia) from Nihewan and Longhua of Hebei, China[J]. Vertebrata PalAsiatica, 2018, 56(1): 69-92
[79]	van Vuure T. Retracing the Aurochs: History, Morphology and Ecology of an Extinct Wild Ox[M]. Sofia: Pensoft, 2005, 1-431
[80]	王晓敏, 许春华, 同号文. 湖北郧西白龙洞古人类遗址的大额牛化石[J]. 人类学学报, 2015, 34(3): 338-352
[81]	Matsumoto H. On some fossil mammals from Szechuan, China[J]. The Science Reports of the Tohoku Imperial University, Sendai, Japan. Series 2 (Geol.), 1915, 3(1): 1-28
[82]	Matthew W, Granger W. New fossil mammals from the Pliocene of Sze-chuan, China[J]. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 1923, 48: 563-598
[83]	Zdansky O. Die Säugetiere der Quartärfauna von Choukoutien[M]. Palaeontologia Sinica, Ser. C, 1928, 5(4): 1-146
[84]	Teilhard de Chardin P, Leroy P. Chinese fossil mammals[M]. Institut de Géo-Biologie, Pékin: The French Bookstore, 1942, 8: 1-142
[85]	Jin C, Ciochon RL, Dong W, et al. The first skull of the earliest giant panda[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2007, 104(26): 10932-10937 pmid: 17578912
[86]	武仙竹.郧县人遗址大熊猫的重要发现与研究认识[A].见:董为(编). 第十二届中国古脊椎动物学学术年会论文集[C]. 北京: 海洋出版社, 2010, 69-76
[87]	Sun JJ, Zhang B, Chen X, et al. New fossils of Late Pleistocene Sus scrofa from Yangjiawan Cave 2, Jiangxi, China[J]. Vertebrata PalAsiatica, 2021, 59(1): 64-80 doi: 10.19615/j.cnki.1000-3118.200819
[88]	李意愿, 裴树文, 同号文, 等. 湖南道县后背山福岩洞2011年发掘报告[J]. 人类学学报, 2013, 32(2): 133-143
[89]	Zhang B, Chen X, Tong HW. Tooth remains of Late Pleistocene moschid and cervid (Artiodactyla, Mammalia) from Yangjiawan and Fuyan Caves of southern China[J]. Quaternary International, 2018, 490: 21-32
[90]	陈德珍, 祁国琴. 云南西畴人类化石及共生的哺乳动物群[J]. 古脊椎动物与古人类, 1978, 16(1): 33-46

解剖部位Elements ↓	属种Taxa →	巴氏大熊猫Ailuropoda baconi	大熊猫现生种Ailuropoda melaneus	黑熊Ursus thibetanus		棕熊Ursus arctos
解剖部位Elements ↓	来源Sources →	华龙洞00133	IVPP OV 1236	IVPP C/043	华龙洞	IVPP OV2101	华龙洞
跟骨Calcaneus	L	60.66	67.3~68.8	80.6	-	90.9	93.1
跟骨Calcaneus	W	39.05	39.4~39.6	51.2	-	55.2	59.5
距骨Astragalus	L	-	47.3~47.4	45.2	42	53.4	54
距骨Astragalus	W	-	36.5~37.7	49.9	39	54.2	46

解剖部位Elements ↓	属种Taxa →	巴氏大熊猫Ailuropoda baconi	大熊猫现生种Ailuropoda melaneus	黑熊Ursus thibetanus		棕熊Ursus arctos
解剖部位Elements ↓	来源Sources →	华龙洞00133	IVPP OV 1236	IVPP C/043	华龙洞	IVPP OV2101	华龙洞
跟骨Calcaneus	L	60.66	67.3~68.8	80.6	-	90.9	93.1
跟骨Calcaneus	W	39.05	39.4~39.6	51.2	-	55.2	59.5
距骨Astragalus	L	-	47.3~47.4	45.2	42	53.4	54
距骨Astragalus	W	-	36.5~37.7	49.9	39	54.2	46

属种名Taxa	地点Locality	下颌骨在m3中叶处厚度/Mandible thickness under m3	下颌骨在m3中叶处舌侧高度/Mandible lingual height under m3	厚度指数 (t/h×100) Pachyostosis index	出处Sources
Sinomegaceros sp.	华龙洞	26.9*	?(缺损)	-	本文
Megaloceros ordosianus	萨拉乌苏	36.3~40.7	47.5~48.6	74.7-85.7	[60]
Megaloceros sp.	周口店第3地点	28.5	44.1	64.6	[59]
Sinomegaceros sp.	丁村98地点	24.2*	46.1*	-	[35]
Sinomegaceros cf. ordosianus	丁村96地点	24~32*	40*	-	[35]
Megaloceros pachyosteus	大荔人地点	38 (36~40)	46 (44~48)	82.6 (81.8~83.3)	[61]
Megaloceros pachyosteus	南京葫芦洞小洞	36.1(32~45.3)	47.4(43.5~52.8)	76.2	[46]
Megaloceros pachyosteus	周口店第1地点	41.3 (29.6~51.9)	51.2 (43~61.8)	80.3 (64.1~91.1)	[57]
Megaloceros konwanlinensis	蓝田公王岭	43.7	54.8	79.7	[62]
Megaloceros flabellatus	周口店第13地点	36.4 (35~40)	46.7 (44~49)	77.9 (72.9~81.6)	[63]
Rusa unicolor	现生(VO 567)	22.1	38.1	58	本文

属种名Taxa	地点Locality	下颌骨在m3中叶处厚度/Mandible thickness under m3	下颌骨在m3中叶处舌侧高度/Mandible lingual height under m3	厚度指数 (t/h×100) Pachyostosis index	出处Sources
Sinomegaceros sp.	华龙洞	26.9*	?(缺损)	-	本文
Megaloceros ordosianus	萨拉乌苏	36.3~40.7	47.5~48.6	74.7-85.7	[60]
Megaloceros sp.	周口店第3地点	28.5	44.1	64.6	[59]
Sinomegaceros sp.	丁村98地点	24.2*	46.1*	-	[35]
Sinomegaceros cf. ordosianus	丁村96地点	24~32*	40*	-	[35]
Megaloceros pachyosteus	大荔人地点	38 (36~40)	46 (44~48)	82.6 (81.8~83.3)	[61]
Megaloceros pachyosteus	南京葫芦洞小洞	36.1(32~45.3)	47.4(43.5~52.8)	76.2	[46]
Megaloceros pachyosteus	周口店第1地点	41.3 (29.6~51.9)	51.2 (43~61.8)	80.3 (64.1~91.1)	[57]
Megaloceros konwanlinensis	蓝田公王岭	43.7	54.8	79.7	[62]
Megaloceros flabellatus	周口店第13地点	36.4 (35~40)	46.7 (44~49)	77.9 (72.9~81.6)	[63]
Rusa unicolor	现生(VO 567)	22.1	38.1	58	本文

属种Taxa	麝Moschus moschiferus			獐 Hydropotes inermis
遗址Site	IVPP OV 474 Extant	周口店田园洞Tianyuandong	北京十渡太平洞Xitaipingdong	IVPP OV 067 Extant	安徽和县Hexian	西安半坡Banpo	安阳殷墟Yinxu	浙江河姆渡Hemudu	河南新蔡Xincai
长L	76	75.5	60.6~62.5	67	66	58~70	72	63	62.5
宽W	8.2	8.2	9.8	12.2	11	10.2~12.5	11	10.5	11
出处Sources	[64]	[64]	[65]	本文	[47]	[66]	[67]	[68]	[69]