Acta Anthropologica Sinica ›› 2020, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (01): 86-105.doi: 10.16359/j.cnki.cn11-1963/q.2019.0051
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ZHANG Gaike1, WANG Shejiang2,3(), LI Zhao1, DI Nan1, ZHAO Hanqing1, LU Huayu4, WANG Xiaoqing5, XIA Wenting2,3,6, BIE Jingjing2,3,6
Received:
2019-03-18
Online:
2020-02-15
Published:
2020-07-17
Contact:
WANG Shejiang
E-mail:wangshejiang@ivpp.ac.cn
CLC Number:
ZHANG Gaike, WANG Shejiang, LI Zhao, DI Nan, ZHAO Hanqing, LU Huayu, WANG Xiaoqing, XIA Wenting, BIE Jingjing. Newly discovered lithic artifacts from the Yan’an range of the Shanxi-Shaanxi Gorge in the middle reach of the Yellow River, North China[J]. Acta Anthropologica Sinica, 2020, 39(01): 86-105.
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URL: https://www.anthropol.ac.cn/EN/10.16359/j.cnki.cn11-1963/q.2019.0051
地点(Site) | 地理坐标 (GPS) | 海拔 (Altitude) | 原料(Raw material) | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
石英岩 (Quartzite) | 石英 (Quartz) | 燧石 (Flint) | 硅质岩 (SIL) | 石英砂岩(QSS) | 细砂岩 (FSS) | 硅质灰岩(SLS) | 蛋白石 (Opal) | 玛瑙 (Agate) | 火成岩(IGR) | 数量(n) % | |||
衣锦滩(YJT) | N36°16′24.27″ E110°28′0.44″ | 495m | 242 60.20% | 123 30.60% | 22 5.47% | 6 1.49% | 5 1.24% | 2 0.50% | 1 0.25% | 1 0.25% | 402 100% | ||
伏羲村(FXC) | N36°43′46.63″ E110°27′04.85″ | 521m | 18 33.33% | 32 59.26% | 2 3.70% | 1 1.85% | 1 1.85% | 54 100% | |||||
苏亚河(SYH) | N36°44′13.69″ E110°24′58.37″ | 537m | 39 48.15% | 26 32.10% | 2 2.47% | 3 3.70% | 5 6.17% | 3 3.70% | 2 2.47% | 1 1.23% | 81 100% | ||
高家畔(GJP) | N36°48′13.93″ E110°24′47.68″ | 563m | 8 66.67% | 1 8.33% | 2 16.67% | 1 8.33% | 12 100% | ||||||
延水关(YSG) | N36°49′56.67″ E110°23′59.58″ | 566m | 2 28.57% | 4 57.14% | 1 14.29% | 7 100% | |||||||
总计(Total) 百分比(%) | 309 55.58% | 186 33.45% | 26 4.68% | 11 1.98% | 11 1.98% | 5 0.90% | 4 0.72% | 2 0.36% | 1 0.18% | 1 0.18% | 556 100% |
Tab. 1 Raw material frequency corresponding to the sites
地点(Site) | 地理坐标 (GPS) | 海拔 (Altitude) | 原料(Raw material) | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
石英岩 (Quartzite) | 石英 (Quartz) | 燧石 (Flint) | 硅质岩 (SIL) | 石英砂岩(QSS) | 细砂岩 (FSS) | 硅质灰岩(SLS) | 蛋白石 (Opal) | 玛瑙 (Agate) | 火成岩(IGR) | 数量(n) % | |||
衣锦滩(YJT) | N36°16′24.27″ E110°28′0.44″ | 495m | 242 60.20% | 123 30.60% | 22 5.47% | 6 1.49% | 5 1.24% | 2 0.50% | 1 0.25% | 1 0.25% | 402 100% | ||
伏羲村(FXC) | N36°43′46.63″ E110°27′04.85″ | 521m | 18 33.33% | 32 59.26% | 2 3.70% | 1 1.85% | 1 1.85% | 54 100% | |||||
苏亚河(SYH) | N36°44′13.69″ E110°24′58.37″ | 537m | 39 48.15% | 26 32.10% | 2 2.47% | 3 3.70% | 5 6.17% | 3 3.70% | 2 2.47% | 1 1.23% | 81 100% | ||
高家畔(GJP) | N36°48′13.93″ E110°24′47.68″ | 563m | 8 66.67% | 1 8.33% | 2 16.67% | 1 8.33% | 12 100% | ||||||
延水关(YSG) | N36°49′56.67″ E110°23′59.58″ | 566m | 2 28.57% | 4 57.14% | 1 14.29% | 7 100% | |||||||
总计(Total) 百分比(%) | 309 55.58% | 186 33.45% | 26 4.68% | 11 1.98% | 11 1.98% | 5 0.90% | 4 0.72% | 2 0.36% | 1 0.18% | 1 0.18% | 556 100% |
![]() | 石锤 (Hammer stone) | 石核 (Core) | 石片 (Flake) | 工具 Retouched tool | 断块 (Chunk) | 碎片屑 (Debris) | 数量(n) % | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
砍砸器(Chopper) | 刮削器(Scraper) | |||||||
衣锦滩(YJT) | 16 3.98% | 271 67.41% | 10 2.49% | 102 25.37% | 3 0.75% | 402 100% | ||
伏羲村(FXC) | 1 1.85% | 3 5.56% | 33 61.11% | 1 1.85% | 2 3.70% | 14 25.93% | 54 100% | |
苏亚河(SYH) | 13 16.05% | 38 46.91% | 7 8.64% | 23 28.40% | 81 100% | |||
高家畔(GJP) | 2 16.67% | 7 58.33% | 1 8.33% | 2 16.67% | 12 100% | |||
延水关(YSG) | 2 28.57% | 3 42.86% | 1 14.29% | 1 14.29% | 7 100% | |||
总计(Total) 百分比(%) | 1 0.18% | 36 6.47% | 352 63.31% | 2 0.36% | 22 3.96% | 140 25.18% | 3 0.54% | 556 100% |
![]() | 石锤 (Hammer stone) | 石核 (Core) | 石片 (Flake) | 工具 Retouched tool | 断块 (Chunk) | 碎片屑 (Debris) | 数量(n) % | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
砍砸器(Chopper) | 刮削器(Scraper) | |||||||
衣锦滩(YJT) | 16 3.98% | 271 67.41% | 10 2.49% | 102 25.37% | 3 0.75% | 402 100% | ||
伏羲村(FXC) | 1 1.85% | 3 5.56% | 33 61.11% | 1 1.85% | 2 3.70% | 14 25.93% | 54 100% | |
苏亚河(SYH) | 13 16.05% | 38 46.91% | 7 8.64% | 23 28.40% | 81 100% | |||
高家畔(GJP) | 2 16.67% | 7 58.33% | 1 8.33% | 2 16.67% | 12 100% | |||
延水关(YSG) | 2 28.57% | 3 42.86% | 1 14.29% | 1 14.29% | 7 100% | |||
总计(Total) 百分比(%) | 1 0.18% | 36 6.47% | 352 63.31% | 2 0.36% | 22 3.96% | 140 25.18% | 3 0.54% | 556 100% |
![]() | 石英岩 (Quartzite) | 石英 (Quartz) | 燧石 (Flint) | 硅质岩 (Siliceous limestone) | 石英砂岩 (Quartzite sandstone) | 细砂岩 (Fine sandstone) | 硅质灰岩 (Silicolite) | 蛋白石 (Opal) | 合计 (Total) | 百分比 (%) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
石核(Core) | 7 | 5 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 16 | 3.98% | ||||
石片(Flake) | 完整石片(Complete flake) | 107 | 56 | 15 | 3 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 189 | 47.01% |
不完整石片(Broken flake) | 64 | 16 | 1 | 1 | 82 | 20.40% | |||||
工具(Tool) | 刮削器(Scraper) | 7 | 2 | 1 | 10 | 2.49% | |||||
断块(Chunk) | 55 | 43 | 4 | 102 | 25.37% | ||||||
总计(Total) | 242 | 123 | 22 | 6 | 5 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 402 | 100% | |
百分比(%) | 60.20% | 30.60% | 5.47% | 1.49% | 1.24% | 0.50% | 0.25% | 0.25% | 100% |
![]() | 石英岩 (Quartzite) | 石英 (Quartz) | 燧石 (Flint) | 硅质岩 (Siliceous limestone) | 石英砂岩 (Quartzite sandstone) | 细砂岩 (Fine sandstone) | 硅质灰岩 (Silicolite) | 蛋白石 (Opal) | 合计 (Total) | 百分比 (%) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
石核(Core) | 7 | 5 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 16 | 3.98% | ||||
石片(Flake) | 完整石片(Complete flake) | 107 | 56 | 15 | 3 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 189 | 47.01% |
不完整石片(Broken flake) | 64 | 16 | 1 | 1 | 82 | 20.40% | |||||
工具(Tool) | 刮削器(Scraper) | 7 | 2 | 1 | 10 | 2.49% | |||||
断块(Chunk) | 55 | 43 | 4 | 102 | 25.37% | ||||||
总计(Total) | 242 | 123 | 22 | 6 | 5 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 402 | 100% | |
百分比(%) | 60.20% | 30.60% | 5.47% | 1.49% | 1.24% | 0.50% | 0.25% | 0.25% | 100% |
![]() | 石英岩 (Quartzite) | 石英 (Quartz) | 燧石 (Flint) | 石英砂岩 (Quartzite sandstone) | 蛋白石 (Opal) | 合计 (Total) | 百分比 (%) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
石锤(Hammer stone) | 1 | 1 | 1.8% | |||||
石核(Core) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 5.56% | |||
石片(Flake) | 完整石片(Complete flake) | 7 | 15 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 25 | 46.30% |
不完整石片(Broken flake) | 6 | 2 | 8 | 14.81% | ||||
工具( Tool) | 砍砸器(Chopper) | 1 | 1 | 1.85% | ||||
刮削器(Scraper) | 2 | 2 | 3.70% | |||||
断块(Chunk) | 14 | 14 | 25.93% | |||||
总计(Total) | 18 | 32 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 54 | 100% | |
百分比(%) | 33.33% | 59.26% | 3.70% | 1.85% | 1.85% | 100% |
![]() | 石英岩 (Quartzite) | 石英 (Quartz) | 燧石 (Flint) | 石英砂岩 (Quartzite sandstone) | 蛋白石 (Opal) | 合计 (Total) | 百分比 (%) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
石锤(Hammer stone) | 1 | 1 | 1.8% | |||||
石核(Core) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 5.56% | |||
石片(Flake) | 完整石片(Complete flake) | 7 | 15 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 25 | 46.30% |
不完整石片(Broken flake) | 6 | 2 | 8 | 14.81% | ||||
工具( Tool) | 砍砸器(Chopper) | 1 | 1 | 1.85% | ||||
刮削器(Scraper) | 2 | 2 | 3.70% | |||||
断块(Chunk) | 14 | 14 | 25.93% | |||||
总计(Total) | 18 | 32 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 54 | 100% | |
百分比(%) | 33.33% | 59.26% | 3.70% | 1.85% | 1.85% | 100% |
原料(Raw material) 类别(Category) | 石英岩 (Quartzite) | 石英 (Quartz) | 燧石 (Flint) | 硅质岩 (Silicolite) | 石英砂岩 (Quartzite sandstone) | 细砂岩 (Fine sandstone) | 硅质灰岩 (Siliceous limestone) | 玛瑙 (Agate) | 合计 (Total) | 百分比 (%) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
石核(Core) | 7 | 5 | 1 | 13 | 16.05% | ||||||
石片(Flake) | 完整石片(Complete flake) | 19 | 7 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 32 | 39.50% | |||
不完整石片(Broken flake) | 4 | 2 | 6 | 7.41% | |||||||
工具( Tool) | 刮削器(Scraper) | 3 | 3 | 1 | 7 | 8.64% | |||||
断块(Chunk) | 6 | 9 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 23 | 28.40% | |||
总计(Total) | 39 | 26 | 2 | 3 | 5 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 81 | 100% | |
百分比(%) | 48.15% | 32.10% | 2.47% | 3.70% | 6.17% | 3.70% | 2.47% | 1.23% | 100% |
Tab.5 Raw material frequency corresponding to lithic assemblage in the Suyahe site
原料(Raw material) 类别(Category) | 石英岩 (Quartzite) | 石英 (Quartz) | 燧石 (Flint) | 硅质岩 (Silicolite) | 石英砂岩 (Quartzite sandstone) | 细砂岩 (Fine sandstone) | 硅质灰岩 (Siliceous limestone) | 玛瑙 (Agate) | 合计 (Total) | 百分比 (%) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
石核(Core) | 7 | 5 | 1 | 13 | 16.05% | ||||||
石片(Flake) | 完整石片(Complete flake) | 19 | 7 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 32 | 39.50% | |||
不完整石片(Broken flake) | 4 | 2 | 6 | 7.41% | |||||||
工具( Tool) | 刮削器(Scraper) | 3 | 3 | 1 | 7 | 8.64% | |||||
断块(Chunk) | 6 | 9 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 23 | 28.40% | |||
总计(Total) | 39 | 26 | 2 | 3 | 5 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 81 | 100% | |
百分比(%) | 48.15% | 32.10% | 2.47% | 3.70% | 6.17% | 3.70% | 2.47% | 1.23% | 100% |
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