人类学学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (03): 381-393.doi: 10.16359/j.1000-3193/AAS.2021.0019

• 研究论文 •    下一篇

汉中盆地洋县范坝旧石器地点出土石制品研究

夏文婷1,2,3(), 王社江1,2(), 王先彦4, 鹿化煜4, 夏楠5, 张改课5, 别婧婧1,2,3, 杨汛4, 伍江4   

  1. 1.中国科学院脊椎动物演化与人类起源重点实验室,中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所,北京 100044
    2.中国科学院生物演化与环境卓越创新中心,北京 100044
    3.中国科学院大学,北京 100049
    4.南京大学地理与海洋科学学院,南京 210023
    5.陕西省考古研究院,西安 710054
  • 收稿日期:2020-12-01 修回日期:2021-04-13 出版日期:2022-06-15 发布日期:2022-06-16
  • 通讯作者: 王社江
  • 作者简介:夏文婷,博士研究生,主要从事旧石器时代考古学研究。Email: xiawenting628@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家社科基金重大项目(19ZDA225);国家自然科学基金国际合作重点项目(41920104005)

A preliminary report on the Fanba paleolithic site at Yangxian County, Hanzhong Basin, central China

XIA Wenting1,2,3(), WANG Shejiang1,2(), WANG Xianyan4, LU Huayu4, XIA Nan5, ZHANG Gaike5, BIE Jingjing1,2,3, YANG Xun4, WU Jiang4   

  1. 1. Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100044
    2. CAS Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Beijing 100044
    3. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049
    4. School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023
    5. Shaanxi Provincial Institute of Archaeology, Xi’an 710054
  • Received:2020-12-01 Revised:2021-04-13 Online:2022-06-15 Published:2022-06-16
  • Contact: WANG Shejiang

摘要:

洋县范坝旧石器地点位于秦岭南麓汉江上游的汉中盆地汉江左岸支流溢水河右岸第二级阶地上。为配合西安-成都高铁项目建设,2016年对该地点进行发掘,揭露面积171 m2,出土不同类型的石制品784件。范坝地点加工石制品的原料为遗址附近河流及河漫滩中的石英、石英岩、细砂岩、火成岩和燧石等砾石材料。硬锤打击法是主要的剥片方法,另外还有部分砸击法标本。石制品类型包括石锤、石核、石片、经过二次加工修理的石器、断块、碎屑及备料,石器组合中既存在尺寸较小的轻型刮削器,也有砍砸器、石球和重型刮削器等大型器物。遗址地层初步的光释光测年结果表明,汉江及其北部支流——溢水河第二级阶地上覆的堆积物形成时间为距今22~2.5万年之间,旧石器遗存的埋藏年代约为距今18~2.5万年的中更新世晚期至晚更新世阶段。

关键词: 石制品, 中-晚更新世, 范坝地点, 汉中盆地

Abstract:

The Fanba site is located on the second terrace of the Yishui river, a tributary on the left bank of the Hanjiang river in Yangxian county in the Hanzhong basin, southern piedmont of the Qinling mountains. A systematic excavation was carried out from February to June in 2016, and a total of 784 lithic artifacts were unearthed within an exposed area of 175 m2. Analysis of the lithic assemblage suggests that the stone artifacts are made on the local cobbles/pebbles, which were collected from the nearby alluvial deposits riverbank. Quartz was the most frequently used as raw materials, and quartzite, fine sandstone, igneous rock, and flint were occasionally used.

Direct hard hammer percussion was the dominant flaking technique and the bipolar technique is also identified on some artifacts. The lithic assemblage consists of hammerstones, cores, flakes, retouched tools, chunks, flaking debris and unmodified manuports. The retouched tools include small scrapers and heavy-duty tools, such as choppers, spheroids, and heavy-duty scrapers. Typological and technological features of the lithic assemblage show that the site has similarity with the contemporary Paleolithic open-air sites in the Hanzhong basin and the Danjiangkou Reservoir Region (DRR) in the middle reach of the Hanjiang river. The TT-OSL results of the alluvial deposits suggest that the duration of human life in the site could be dated back to 180-25 kaBP. As the first site excavated systematically on the second terrace of the Hanjiang river and its tributaries, these findings of Fanba site lay the foundation for understanding the cultural diversity and behavioral adaptability of the early hominids in the Middle-Late Pleistocene in the transitional regions in central China.

Key words: Lithic artifacts, Middle-Late Pleistocene, Fanba site, Hanzhong Basin

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