收稿日期: 2017-10-25
网络出版日期: 2020-07-17
基金资助
国家自然科学基金(41602021);中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDB26000000);中国科学院资源地层学与古地理学重点实验室（中国科学院南京地质古生物研究所）资助(2017KF04);德国洪堡基金会（Alexander von Humboldt stiftung）资助
The raw material study and its application on explanation of prehistoric habitants’ cognitive level and behavioral pattern
Received date: 2017-10-25
Online published: 2020-07-17
杨石霞 , 岳健平 . 史前人类对资源的认知和开发能力——石器原料研究的方法与意义[J]. 人类学学报, 2020 , 39(01) : 12 -20 . DOI: 10.16359/j.cnki.cn11-1963/q.2019.0006
From Oldowan hominins to many modern hunter-gatherers, raw materials for making stone tools are essential resources. The identification of lithic raw material and its sources is an important topic in most prehistoric research. In the current paper, we review the research methods used to investigate the quality and distribution of raw materials, along with the applications of these methods. Raw materials not only impact on the form and composition of tools, but they also can be regarded as good measures of cognitive development and behavior patterns. In recent years, the authors worked on the raw materials at several prehistoric sites. In this paper, we take the work in the Nihewan Basin and Taoshan site of Northeast China as examples, to introduce how to explain the relationship of raw materials to cognitive level. The Xiaochangliang site is a key archaeological locality in the Nihewan Basin. Study of the available raw materials and knapping techniques show that, faced with the limits of small clast size and poor quality materials, the Xiaochangliang inhabitants acted with technical flexibility, utilizing freehand and bipolar techniques in variable frequencies. The Taoshan site, dating from the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) to the mid-Holocene, shows changes in raw material exploitation. Considering the changes in vegetation for this site, we found that the diachronic changes in raw material types and exploitation strategies corresponded with changes in vegetation and human adaptations. As the examples we give in this paper demonstrate, the study of lithic raw material can enrich our knowledge of prehistory.
Key words： Lithic raw material; Quality; Sources; Natural resource; Cognitive level
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