山东新泰乌珠台人类牙齿的形态学特征

  • 孙承凯 ,
  • 孙小玲 ,
  • 周蜜 ,
  • 刘立群 ,
  • 邢松
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  • 1. 山东博物馆,济南 250014
    2. 湖北省博物馆,武汉 430077
    3. 湖北省文物考古研究所,武汉 430077
    4. 中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所,中国科学院脊椎动物进化系统学重点实验室,北京 100044
    5. 中国科学院生物演化与环境卓越创新中心,北京 100044
孙承凯,山东博物馆副研究馆员,Email: sunchengk@126.com

收稿日期: 2018-06-22

  修回日期: 2018-09-20

  网络出版日期: 2020-09-10

基金资助

中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(B类)(XDB26000000);国家自然科学基金(41872030)

Morphological studies on Wuzhutai tooth, Xintai of Shandong Province

  • Chengkai SUN ,
  • Xiaoling SUN ,
  • Mi ZHOU ,
  • Liqun LIU ,
  • Song XING
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  • 1. Shandong Museum, Jinan 250014
    2. Hubei Museum, Wuhan 430077
    3. Institute of Archeology and Cultural Relics of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430077
    4. Key Laboratory of Evolutionary Systematics of Vertebrates, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100044
    5. CAS Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Beijing, 100044

Received date: 2018-06-22

  Revised date: 2018-09-20

  Online published: 2020-09-10

摘要

近些年在东亚发现的晚更新世现代人化石及其研究使得关于该地区现代人起源问题更加复杂,更多该时段人类标本的研究有助于对其有更清晰的认识。1966年在山东新泰乌珠台发现一枚古人类下颌臼齿,吴新智和宗冠福(1973)对其进行了报道,而后再无详细研究。本文将使用牙齿非测量性状的半定量化(分级)、齿冠外轮廓形状的几何形态测量、基于显微断层扫描(Micro-computed tomography 或 micro-CT)的釉质厚度、釉质厚度分布规律和齿质表面三维结构复原等方法对乌珠台人类牙齿进行综合研究,进而对东亚晚更新世古人类牙齿形态特征变异有一个进一步的了解。结果显示,乌珠台人类牙齿的形态特征基本与现代人接近,但其所表现出的三角座横脊、Y型齿沟排列、原附尖在现代人中出现率较低,而更多发现在直立人或尼安德特人中。相对于东亚其他晚更新世现代人,乌珠台M3所表现出的特征组合具有特殊性,增加了东亚晚更新世现代人的牙齿形态特征多样性。未来研究可尝试测定乌珠台人类牙齿的绝对年代,以更好的将其归入到现代人演化序列中去。

本文引用格式

孙承凯 , 孙小玲 , 周蜜 , 刘立群 , 邢松 . 山东新泰乌珠台人类牙齿的形态学特征[J]. 人类学学报, 2019 , 38(03) : 446 -459 . DOI: 10.16359/j.cnki.cn11-1963/q.2018.0041

Abstract

Recent fossil findings have complicated the scenario of East Asian modern human evolution and dispersal in Late Pleistocene, necessitating more fossil from this period to better elucidate it. In 1966, a lower molar of fossil human was recovered at Wuzhutai, Xintai of Shandong province, and Wu and Zong reported it in 1973. However, there is no further detailed study on this tooth afterwards. The present study will reassess its morphologies using grading system of dental non-metrics, geometric morphometric analysis of the crown outline shape, measurement of two- and three- dimensional (2D and 3D) enamel thickness, and visualization of 3D enamel thickness distribution. We aim at a further understanding of morphological variation of East Asian Late Pleistocene hominins. The results show that the dental morphologies of Wuzhutai tooth generally fit into the spectrum of modern human variations. However, its trigonid crest, Y pattern of occlusal groove arrangement, and high-degree protostylid are more likely found in Homo erectus or Neanderthals rather than in modern human. Compared with the other East Asian Late Pleistocene hominins, the combination of traits expressed by Wuzhutai tooth is unique and expanding the known morphological diversity. The future study could try to acquire the chronological age of Wuzhutai hominin, in order to better add it into the evolutionary sequence of modern human evolution.

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