沉积物特征与旧石器遗址的形成过程
收稿日期: 2020-11-24
修回日期: 2021-03-10
网络出版日期: 2021-06-24
基金资助
中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDB26000000);中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDA19050102);中国科学院百人计划;西北大学文化遗产研究与保护技术教育部重点实验室开放研究课题(WYSYS201909)
Sediment characteristics and the formation processes of Paleolithic sites
Received date: 2020-11-24
Revised date: 2021-03-10
Online published: 2021-06-24
考古遗址在自然因素下所经历的沉积、改造和再堆积过程,对于理解遗址完整历史至关重要,但迄今相关研究在中国旧石器遗址中开展得较为有限。本文在介绍遗址堆积与改造过程相关背景知识的基础上,对自然因素研究中涉及到的最为关键和核心的对象之一——沉积物及其常用分析指标（粒度、磁化率、地球化学元素、矿物组成和土壤微形态）进行阐述,并以许昌人遗址和伞顶盖遗址为例说明相关指标的应用情况。沉积物分析指标侧重从微观角度揭示旧石器遗址的堆积与改造过程,因此,我们还需结合宏观尺度下的遗址沉积地层、地貌发育和环境演变等特征,以及考古标本本身的一系列信息对遗址在自然因素影响下的形成过程进行综合分析和判断。
李浩 , 张玉柱 , 李意愿 , 李占扬 , 贾雅娜 . 沉积物特征与旧石器遗址的形成过程[J]. 人类学学报, 2021 , 40(03) : 363 -377 . DOI: 10.16359/j.1000-3193/AAS.2021.0047
Archaeological site formation is influenced by a range of geogenic, biogenic and anthropogenic processes. Geogenic processes play a fundamental role in influencing deposition, transformation, and post-deposition. Since natural factors have the potential to disrupt original archaeological contexts to varying degrees, it is crucial that researchers evaluate the influence of these processes prior to interpreting cultural materials. However, up until now, few studies in China have focused specifically on the influence of these natural factors in Paleolithic site formation. In this paper, we begin by providing a review of relevant site formation studies, followed by the identification of one key research subject—archaeological sediments, with properties relating to grain size, magnetic susceptibility, geochemical elements, mineral components and micromorphology. In addition, we also present two Paleolithic site case studies in which sedimentary indices have been employed to explore formation processes (i.e., at the Xuchang hominid site in Henan Province and at the Sandinggai site in Hunan Province). Finally, although the physical and chemical nature of sediments is valuable, we illustrate that landscape-scale geomorphological evolution coupled with excavated archaeological specimens should also be considered when reconstructing Paleolithic site formation. By doing so, and by using a combination of different analytical approaches and building systematic survey and sample-collecting protocols, we show the value of this approach in the study of the Chinese Paleolithic as we develop this multi-disciplinary approach in the region.
Key words： Paleolithic site; Formation processes; Natural factors; Sediments; Geoarchaeology
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