稳定同位素生物考古学的概念、简史、原理和目标

  • 胡耀武
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  • 1.复旦大学文物与博物馆学系,上海 200433
    2.复旦大学科技考古研究院,上海 200433
胡耀武,男,教授,安徽滁州人。研究方向为生物考古。Email: ywhu@fudan.edu.cn

收稿日期: 2020-09-16

  修回日期: 2020-11-24

  网络出版日期: 2021-06-24

基金资助

国家自然科学基金(41773008);中华文明探源研究(2020YFC1521606)

Definition, history, principles and aims of stable isotope bioarchaeology

  • Yaowu HU
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  • 1. Department of Cultural Heritage and Museology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433
    2. Institute of Archaeological Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433

Received date: 2020-09-16

  Revised date: 2020-11-24

  Online published: 2021-06-24

摘要

上世纪70年代末以降,考古遗址中出土生物材料的稳定同位素分析,在考古学和生物考古研究领域越来越发挥重要作用,成为现代考古学研究的重要组成部分。国内外学界常将其定位为分析技术,从未从学科层面予以考虑和重视。鉴于同位素分析的重要性以及学科发展的迫切性,将其由分析技术层面上升至学科层面实属大势所趋。本文将之前的“稳定同位素分析”首次命名为“稳定同位素生物考古学”(简称为同位素生物考古学),将其列为广义概念下生物考古学的重要学科分支之一。本文详细介绍了稳定同位素生物考古学的概念、研究简史、分析原理和研究目标;在分析原理上,除已有的“我即我食”和“我非我食”之外,还首次提出了“我即我是”和“我即我居”;并对今后如何深入开展研究进行了展望。

本文引用格式

胡耀武 . 稳定同位素生物考古学的概念、简史、原理和目标[J]. 人类学学报, 2021 , 40(03) : 526 -534 . DOI: 10.16359/j.1000-3193/AAS.2021.0012

Abstract

Since 1970s, stable isotope analyses of biomaterials from archaeological sites have played more and more important roles in archaeological and bioarchaeological fields and become one of important components of current archaeological research. However, international and domestic scholars have always considered it as an analytical technique and never thought it as an independent discipline. Given the importance of the isotopic analysis and the urgency of discipline development, it is timely for us to promote it from technique level to discipline level. In this paper, the name of stable isotope analysis was renamed as stable isotope bioarchaeology for the first time, abbreviated as isobioarchaeology, as an important branch of bioarchaeology in broad concept. Furthermore, the definition, overview of research history, analytical principles, and targets of isobioarchaeology have been introduced in detail. In particular, two new analytical principles, “You are what you are” and “You are where you live”, were proposed for the first time except two previous principles, “You are what you eat” and “You are not what you eat”. Finally, the perspective on conducting in-depth isoboarchaeological researches was discussed.

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