中国有机残留物分析的研究进展及展望
收稿日期: 2020-12-13
修回日期: 2021-03-23
网络出版日期: 2021-06-24
基金资助
教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目(17YJAZH107);中组部青年拔尖人才计划和中国科学院青年创新促进会
The research progress and prospect of organic residue analysis in China
Received date: 2020-12-13
Revised date: 2021-03-23
Online published: 2021-06-24
有机残留物分析,是指从残留物载体中提取有机分子,利用科技检测手段进行定性、定量分析,判断有机残留物的生物来源,从而了解古代动植物的加工、利用和相关载体的功能等。中国有机残留物分析工作已开展40余年,取得了很多进展,但仍需要更多重视。本文首先回顾了中国考古遗存研究中有机残留物分析的发展历程,然后梳理了动物制品、粮食作物制品、经济作物制品、器物内炭化物和有机宝石等方面的研究进展;研究成果主要涉及生物标记物、脂质和蛋白质等三类有机分子,并少量涉及淀粉粒、植硅体等植物微体化石方面的突破性工作。最后,对未来的研究动向进行了展望。
杨益民 . 中国有机残留物分析的研究进展及展望[J]. 人类学学报, 2021 , 40(03) : 535 -545 . DOI: 10.16359/j.1000-3193/AAS.2021.0051
Organic residue analysis refers to extract and identify organic molecules from their carriers, and explore the biological origins of organic residue in order to understand the processing and exploitation of ancient animals and plants by ancient humans, as well as the function of corresponding carriers. Organic residue analysis has been practiced over forty years in China, and many advances have been achieved, but still needs more attention. This paper mainly reviews the development history of organic residue analysis in China archaeology, and then summarizes the research progress associated with animal products, cereal crop products, economic crop products, carbonized materials in vessels and organic gemstones. These studies mainly involve the use of biomarkers, lipids and proteins, also a few breakthroughs of plant microfossils including starch grains and phytolith analysis. Finally, the prospect of organic residue analysis in China is outlined.
| [1] | 杨益民. 古代残留物分析在考古中的应用[J]. 南方文物, 2008,2:20-25 |
| [2] | Craig OE, Saul H, Lucquin A, et al. Earliest evidence for the use of pottery[J]. Nature, 2013,496(7445):351-354 |
| [3] | Evershed RP, Payne S, Sherratt AG, et al. Earliest date for milk use in the Near East and southeastern Europe linked to cattle herding[J]. Nature, 2008,455(7212):528-531 |
| [4] | 福建师范大学化学系高分子研究室. 泉州湾宋代沉船中乳香的薄层色谱鉴定[J]. 福建师范大学学报(自然科学版), 1976,1:71-75 |
| [5] | 陈瑞华, 缪细泉, 戴金瑞. 泉州湾宋代沉船中降(真)香的鉴定及考证[J]. 上海中医药杂志, 1979,5:55-58 |
| [6] | 广州市药品检验所中药室. 附录一五:南越王墓出土药物检验报告[A].见:广州市文物管理委员会,中国社会科学院考古研究所,广东省博物馆.西汉南越王墓(上)[M]. 广州: 广州文化出版社, 1991 |
| [7] | 河姆渡遗址考古队． 浙江河姆渡遗址第二期发掘的主要收获[J]． 文物,1980, 5: 3-17+100-101 |
| [8] | 陈元生, 解玉林, 卢衡, 等. 史前漆膜的分析鉴定技术研究[J]. 文物保护与考古科学, 1995,2:12-20 |
| [9] | 张炜, 单伟芳, 郭时清. 汉代漆器的剖析[J]. 文物保护与考古科学, 1995,2:28-36 |
| [10] | 邢润川, 唐云明． 古代酿酒技术与考古发现[N]． 光明日报,1980-04-02 |
| [11] | Mcgovern PE, Zhang JZ, Tang JG, et al. Fermented beverages of pre- and proto-historic China[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2004 101(51):17593-17598 |
| [12] | Lu HY, Yang XY, Ye ML, et al. Millet noodles in Late Neolithic China[J]. Nature, 2005,437(7061):967-968 |
| [13] | 龙刚强. 左江流域崖壁画颜料成分的推断[J]. 广西民族研究, 1986,4:34-42 |
| [14] | 邱钟仑, 李前荣, 潘笑梅, 等. 花山岩画颜料和粘合剂初探[J]. 文物, 1990,1:85-87 |
| [15] | 李实. 对敦煌壁画中胶结材料的初步认识[J]. 敦煌研究, 1993,1:108-117 |
| [16] | Mazzeo R, Cam D, Chiavari G, 等． 中国明代木质古建西安鼓楼彩绘的分析研究[J]．文物保护与考古科学,2005, 17(2): 9-15+66 |
| [17] | He L, Nie MQ, Chiavari G, et al. Analytical characterization of binding medium used in ancient Chinese artworks by pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry[J]. Microchemical Journal, 2007,85(2):347-353 |
| [18] | 成小林, 吴双成, 刘延常, 等. 山东新泰周家庄东周墓葬出土青铜剑上胶粘剂的初步分析[J]. 文物保护与考古科学, 2008,20(2):34-37 |
| [19] | Bonaduce I, Blaensdorf C, Dietemann P, et al. The binding media of the polychromy of Qin Shihuang’s Terracotta Army[J]. Journal of Cultural Heritage, 2008,9(1):103-108 |
| [20] | 张雪莲, 唐静娟, 熊贤礼, 等. 古代织品染料的分析[J]. 文物保护与考古科学, 1996,1:1-8 |
| [21] | 丘志力, 吴沫, 魏巧坤. 红外光谱技术对广东博罗横岭山商周时期墓地出土古玉器上蜡工艺的揭示及其意义[J]. 光谱学与光谱分析, 2006,06:68-71 |
| [22] | 日本第三次《大学与科学》公开学术研讨会组织委员会（编）． 现代自然科学技术在考古学中的应用[M].译者：韩钊,秦小丽,王小庆． 西安: 西北大学出版社, 1992 |
| [23] | 陈星灿． 遗留物分析能告诉我们什么[N]． 中国文物报,1998-10-11 |
| [24] | 赵力华. 脂肪酸分析法与树木年轮年代测定法[J]. 文物, 1999,8:94-96 |
| [25] | 赖旭龙. 古代生物分子与分子考古学[J]. 地球科学进展, 2001,16(2):163-171 |
| [26] | 吕烈丹. 考古器物的残余物分析[J]. 文物, 2002,5:83-91 |
| [27] | 和玲, 梁国正. 热裂解气相色-质谱在文物保护和艺术品研究中的应用[J]. 文物保护与考古科学, 2003,1:55-60 |
| [28] | 杨晓燕, 吕厚远, 夏正楷. 植物淀粉粒分析在考古学中的应用[J]. 考古与文物, 2006,3:87-91 |
| [29] | 马颖. 古代残留物分析的若干实例[D]. 北京:中国科学院研究生院, 2008 |
| [30] | 金爽. 炭化残留物分析方法研究[D]. 合肥:中国科学技术大学, 2008 |
| [31] | 王昌燧. 科技考古进展[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 2013 |
| [32] | 袁靖. 中国科技考古导论[M]. 上海: 复旦大学出版社, 2018 |
| [33] | 龚德才, 等. 文物保护基础理论[M]. 合肥: 中国科学技术大学出版社, 2019 |
| [34] | Gong YW, Yang YM, Ferguson DK, et al. Investigation of ancient noodles, cakes, and millet at the Subeixi Site, Xinjiang, China[J]. Journal of Archaeological Science, 2011,38(2):470-479 |
| [35] | Yang XY, Wan ZW, Perry L, et al. Early millet use in northern China[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2012,109(10):3726-3730 |
| [36] | Yang YM, Shevchenko A, Knaust A, et al. Proteomics evidence for kefir dairy in Early Bronze Age China[J]. Journal of Archaeological Science, 2014,45:178-186 |
| [37] | Mai HJ, Yang YM, Abuduresule I, et al. Characterization of cosmetic sticks at Xiaohe Cemetery in early Bronze Age Xinjiang, China[J]. Scientific Reports, 2016,6:18939 |
| [38] | Wu M, Zhang BJ, Jiang LP, et al. Natural lacquer was used as a coating and an adhesive 8000 years ago, by early humans at Kuahuqiao, determined by ELISA[J]. Journal of Archaeological Science, 2018,100:80-87 |
| [39] | Ren M, Tang ZH, Wu XH, et al. The origins of cannabis smoking: Chemical residue evidence from the first millennium BCE in the Pamirs[J]. Science Advances, 2019, 5(6): eaaw1391 |
| [40] | Liu L, Wang JJ, Levin MJ, et al. The origins of specialized pottery and diverse alcohol fermentation techniques in Early Neolithic China[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2019,116(26):12767-12774 |
| [41] | Yang YM. Dairying transformed Mongolia[J]. Nature Ecology & Evolution, 2020,4(3):288-289 |
| [42] | Han B, Chong JR, Sun ZW, et al. The rise of the cosmetic industry in ancient China: insights from a 2,700-year-old face cream[J]. Archaeometry, 2021, doi: 10.1111/arcm.12659 |
| [43] | Zhu H, Peng HS, Huang LQ, et al. Chinese ancient herbal processing: Evidence of rice-steaming as the processing method of Rehmannia in Han Dynasty[J]. Science Bulletin, 2021,66(4):307-309 |
| [44] | 杨益民. 古代蛋白质分析在考古学中的应用[J]. 郑州大学学报:哲学社会科学版, 2016,49(4):102-105 |
| [45] | 王丽琴, 杨璐, 曹雪筠, 等. 文物颜料中胶结材料的分析研究[C].中国文物保护技术协会学术年会, 2009: 321-325 |
| [46] | 魏书亚, 马清林, Scjreiner M. 山东青州香山西汉墓彩绘陶俑胶接材料研究[J]. 文博, 2009,6:71-78 |
| [47] | 杨璐, 王丽琴, 黄建华, 等. 氨基酸分析法研究蒙古国博格达汗宫建筑彩画的胶料种类[J]. 分析化学, 2010,38(7):1044-1047 |
| [48] | 安晶晶, 闫宏涛. 古代彩绘颜料胶结材料MALDI-TOF-MS分析表征(I)[J]. 科学通报, 2013,3:211-217 |
| [49] | Rao H, Li B, Yang Y, et al. Proteomic identification of organic additives in the mortars of ancient Chinese wooden buildings[J]. Analytical Methods, 2015,7(1):143-149 |
| [50] | Rao HY, Yang YM, Abuduresule I, et al. Proteomic identification of adhesive on a bone sculpture-inlaid wooden artifact from the Xiaohe Cemetery, Xinjiang, China[J]. Journal of Archaeological Science, 2015,53:148-155 |
| [51] | 颜菲, 葛琴雅, 李强, 等. 应用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)初探古代墓葬壁画胶结材料中的狗胶原蛋白[J]. 文物保护与考古科学, 2014,26(1):71-75 |
| [52] | 洪川, 蒋洪恩, 杨益民, 等. 酶联免疫吸附测定法在古代牛奶残留物检测中的应用[J]. 文物保护与考古科学, 2011,23(1):25-28 |
| [53] | Wu M, Zou XH, Zhang BJ, et al. Immunological Methods for the Detection of Binders in Ancient Tibetan Murals[J]. Microscopy and Microanalysis, 2019,25(3):822-829 |
| [54] | Hong C, Jiang HE, Lü EG, et al. Identification of milk component in ancient food residue by proteomics[J]. PloS One, 2012,7(5):e37053 |
| [55] | Xie MS, Shevchenko A, Wang BH, et al. Identification of a dairy product in the grass woven basket from Gumugou Cemetery (3800 BP, northwestern China)[J]. Quaternary International, 2016,426:158-165 |
| [56] | Shevchenko A, Yang YM, Knaust A, et al. Open sesame: Identification of sesame oil and oil soot ink in organic deposits of Tang Dynasty lamps from Astana necropolis in China[J]. PLoS One, 2017,12(2):e0158636 |
| [57] | Zheng Q, Wu XF, Zheng HL, et al. Development of an enzyme-linked-immunosorbent-assay technique for accurate identification of poorly preserved silks unearthed in ancient tombs[J]. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 2015,407(13):3861-3867 |
| [58] | Gong YX, Li L, Gong DC, et al. Biomolecular Evidence of Silk from 8,500 Years Ago[J]. PloS One, 2016,11(12):e0168042 |
| [59] | 金爽, 周卫荣, 凡小盼, 等. 蚁鼻钱铜范浇铸隔离层的模拟制备与分析[J]. 中国钱币, 2009,2:18-21 |
| [60] | 任萌, 罗武干, 赵亚军, 等. 甘肃酒泉西沟村魏晋墓铜甑釜残留物的脂质分析[J]. 文物保护与考古科学, 2016,28(2):106-112 |
| [61] | 王永强, 袁晓, 阮秋荣. 新疆尼勒克县吉仁台沟口遗址2015~2018年考古收获及初步认识[J]. 西域研究, 2019,1:133-138 |
| [62] | Shoda S, Lucquin A, Sou CI, et al. Molecular and isotopic evidence for the processing of starchy plants in Early Neolithic pottery from China[J]. Scientific Reports, 2018,8(1):17044 |
| [63] | 杨益民, 方晓阳． 蚌埠双墩一号春秋墓出土创伤药残留物[N]． 中国文物报,2009-03-27 |
| [64] | Luo WG, Li T, Wang CS, et al. Discovery of Beeswax as binding agent on a 6th-century BC Chinese Turquoise-inlaid Bronze sword[J]. Journal of Archaeological Science, 2012,39(5):1227-1237 |
| [65] | Wei SY, Song GD, Cui BX. The study of binding agents used to inlay turquoise onto bronze objects in Eastern Zhou Period[J]. Journal of Cultural Heritage, 2016,20:671-675 |
| [66] | Han HR, Wei SY, Yang J, et al. Characterization of the residues in Han Dynasty bronze lamps by pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry[J]. Heritage Science, 2019,7(1):37 |
| [67] | Shevchenko A, Yang YM, Knaust A, et al. Proteomics identifies the composition and manufacturing recipe of the 2500-year old sourdough bread from Subeixi cemetery in China[J]. Journal of Proteomics, 2014,105:363-371 |
| [68] | 肖琪琪, 胡兴军, 阿里甫, 等. 新疆洛浦县比孜里墓地出土食物遗存的科技分析[J]. 第四纪研究, 2020,40(2):441-449 |
| [69] | 任萌, 杨益民, 仝涛, 等. 西藏阿里曲踏墓地及加嘎子墓地可见残留物的科技分析[J]. 考古与文物, 2020,1:122-128 |
| [70] | 马颖, 杨益民, 宋建忠, 等． 西周倗国墓地出土荒帷印痕的科技分析[J]． 中原文物,2009, 1: 102-105+112 |
| [71] | 李涛, 施继龙, 方晓阳, 等. 拉曼光谱、植硅体和淀粉粒分析在纸质文物研究中的应用[J]. 北京印刷学院学报, 2009,17(6):6-10 |
| [72] | Han B, Niang J, Rao HY, et al. Paper fragments from the Tibetan Samye Monastery: Clues for an unusual sizing recipe implying wheat starch and milk in early Tibetan papermaking[J]. Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports, 2021,36:102793 |
| [73] | 杨益民, 郭怡, 马颖, 等. 出土青铜酒器残留物分析的尝试[J]． 南方文物,2008, 1: 108-110+107 |
| [74] | Wang JJ, Liu L, Ball T, et al. Revealing a 5,000-y-old beer recipe in China[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2016,113(23):6444-6448 |
| [75] | Zhang TX, Xu SH, Li YL, et al. Orthogonal optimization of extraction and analysis for red wine residues in simulated and archaeological materials using LC/MS and HPLC methods[J]. Microchemical Journal, 2018,142:175-180 |
| [76] | Wei SY, Fang XY, Cao XJ, et al. Characterization of the materials used in Chinese ink sticks by pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry[J]. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 2011,91(1):147-153 |
| [77] | Ren M, Wang RF, Yang YM. Identification of the proto-inkstone by organic residue analysis: a case study from the Changle Cemetery in China[J]. Heritage Science, 2018,6(1):19 |
| [78] | 管理, 任萌, 徐长青, 等. 南昌西汉海昏侯墓出土古墨的科技分析[J]. 南方文物, 2018,106(2):131-134 |
| [79] | Wei SY, Fang XY, Yang J, et al. Identification of the materials used in an Eastern Jin Chinese ink stick[J]. Journal of Cultural Heritage, 2012,13(4):448-452 |
| [80] | 王颖竹, 马清林. 南京报恩寺阿育王塔出土香料溯源研究[J]. 中国文物科学研究, 2012,2:87-92 |
| [81] | 任萌. 残留物分析视角下的古代宗教仪轨植物利用——以大麻和香料为例[D]. 北京:中国科学院大学, 2019 |
| [82] | 饶慧芸. 小河文化的有机残留物分析[D]. 北京:中国科学院大学, 2016 |
| [83] | 范文奇, 龚德才, 姚政权, 等. 六安北宋墓出土炭化茶叶疑似物的鉴定分析[J]. 农业考古, 2012,2:212-217 |
| [84] | Lu, HY, Zhang JP, Yang YM, et al. Earliest tea as evidence for one branch of the Silk Road across the Tibetan Plateau[J]. Scientific Reports, 2016,6(6):18955 |
| [85] | Rao, HY, Yang YM, Hu XJ, et al. Identification of an Ancient Birch Bark Quiver from a Tang Dynasty (A.D. 618-907) Tomb in Xinjiang, Northwest China[J]. Economic Botany, 2017,71(1):32-44 |
| [86] | Rao, HY, Wang QQ, Ren XR, et al. Earliest use of birch bark tar in Northwest China: evidence from organic residues in prehistoric pottery at the Changning site[J]. Vegetation History and Archaeobotany, 2019,28(2):199-207 |
| [87] | 杨益民, 金爽, 谢尧亭, 等. 绛县倗国墓地铜簋的残留物分析[J]. 华夏考古, 2012,3:67-71 |
| [88] | 郑会平, 杨益民, 宋国定, 等. 河南淅川龙山时代陶鼎炭化残留物的碳、氮稳定同位素分析[J]. 第四纪研究, 2012,32(2):236-240 |
| [89] | 温证聪. 田螺山遗址河姆渡文化的稻作发展水平和饮食食谱的地球化学研究[D]. 杭州:浙江大学, 2014 |
| [90] | Kunikita D, Wang L, Onuki S, et al. Radiocarbon dating and dietary reconstruction of the Early Neolithic Houtaomuga and Shuangta sites in the Song-Nen Plain, Northeast China[J]. Quaternary International, 2017,441(B):62-68 |
| [91] | 吕楠宁. 宜兴下湾遗址陶器有机残留物分析[D]. 北京:首都师范大学, 2019 |
| [92] | 赵春燕, 岳洪彬, 岳占伟. 南水北调河南辉县路固汉代墓群出土白色粉块的化学分析及相关问题[J]. 华夏考古, 2013,3:144-150 |
| [93] | Yu, ZR, Wang XD, Su BM, et al. First Evidence Of The Use Of Freshwater Pearls As A Cosmetic In Ancient China: Analysis Of White Makeup Powder From A Northern Song Dynasty Lv Tomb (Lantian, Shaanxi Province, China)[J]. Archaeometry, 2016,59(4):762-774 |
| [94] | Chen, D, Zeng QS, Yuan Y, et al. Baltic amber or Burmese amber: FTIR studies on amber artifacts of Eastern Han Dynasty unearthed from Nanyang[J]. Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 2019,222:117270 |
| [95] | 肖琪琪, 易立, 饶慧芸, 等. 成都光华村街唐墓出土琥珀的红外分析[J]. 文物保护与考古科学, 2020,32(1):84-89 |
| [96] | Sun, NY, Wang RF, Han B, et al. Nondestructive identification of a jet bead from the Changle Cemetery in Ningxia, China[J]. Microchemical Journal, 2020,157:104907 |
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |
京ICP证05002819号-3