东北亚楔形细石核模拟剥片实验研究的回顾与展望
收稿日期: 2021-12-13
修回日期: 2022-03-10
网络出版日期: 2023-02-20
基金资助
中国科学院“战略性先导科技专项”(XDB26030203);国家社科基金中国历史研究院重大历史问题研究专项(21@WTK001);国家重点研发专项(2020YFC1521500)
Review and prospective of the experimental study on the simulated flaking of wedge-shaped microblade cores in Northeast Asia
Received date: 2021-12-13
Revised date: 2022-03-10
Online published: 2023-02-20
旧石器时代晚期东北亚地区涌现出大量细石叶技术遗存，楔形细石核是该技术组合中的重要代表。楔形细石核因为多样的类型、广泛的分布受到学术界的关注，研究者从不同方面对其展开分析，其中模拟剥片实验发挥着关键作用。20世纪80年代以来，多位学者对东北亚地区广泛分布的楔形细石核进行了模拟剥片实验，尝试使用直接打击法、间接打击法、压制法从该类石核上剥制细石叶，设计了多种与剥片工艺配合使用的石核固定方式，还从原料选择策略、石核预制方法等角度展开讨论。本文从选用原料、预制石核、剥片工艺与固定方式等方面对这些实验取得的成果与存在的问题进行了梳理、总结和剖析，并对模拟实验在细石叶技术研究中的作用与发展前景进行分析和展望，以期为相关研究提供信息、启示并起到推动作用。
仝广 , 李锋 , 高星 . 东北亚楔形细石核模拟剥片实验研究的回顾与展望[J]. 人类学学报, 2023 , 42(01) : 129 -136 . DOI: 10.16359/j.1000-3193/AAS.2022.0061
There are many microblade assemblages emerged in Northeast Asia during the Upper Paleolithic. Among them, the wedge-shaped microblade cores are noteworthy in terms of their varied forms and extensive distribution throughout Northeast Asia. This kind of core reduction technique has been examined from multiple aspects by scholars using various methods, among which the knapping experiments have played a significant role in such studies, and yielding a wealth of information regarding microblade technology and ancient human behavior. Since 1980s, three knapping techniques, including direct percussion, indirect percussion, and pressing, have been employed by some scholars during the replication experiments for producing microblades from wedge-shaped blanks like those found in Northeast Asia. Moreover, Various methods of securing cores during flaking process have been designed to correspond with knapping techniques. Based upon these knapping experiments, strategies of raw material selection and core preparation have been discussed, and a lot of valuable information and inferences have been generated by these experiments, which are difficult to infer from archaeological data alone. Here, we attempt to provide a comprehensive review of these experimental studies, including aspects of raw material procurement and selection, core preparation, methods of securing cores, and the fabrication of end products. Furtherly, some deficiencies of these experimental studies are summarized and their prospects are also discussed. We hope this review provides some useful information and could inspire further research of microblade technology in Northeast Asia as well as promote more in-depth experimental studies in the future.
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