中国不同地理分区人群的头面部特征
收稿日期: 2023-01-17
录用日期: 2023-03-31
网络出版日期: 2023-12-14
基金资助
国家重点研发计划战略性科技创新合作项目(2020YFE0201600);国家自然科学基金资助项目(32071183);国家自然科学基金资助项目(31460270);国家自然科学基金资助项目(31671245);国家自然科学基金资助项目(31771329);科技部基础性工作专项(2015FY111700)
Head and facial features of populations in different geographical regions of China
Received date: 2023-01-17
Accepted date: 2023-03-31
Online published: 2023-12-14
本文对近年来测量的45254例(男19892例,女25362例)中国人的18项头面部测量数据,按地理分区进行统计与主成分分析,发现中国东北、华北人群男性耳较长,两眼外角距离较近、鼻较狭,头、面较宽;华南人群耳较短,眼、鼻较宽,头较狭,面较狭;东北、华北人群女性面较高,面较宽,两眼距离较大,耳较长;华南、西南人群女性面较低,面较狭,两眼距离较近,耳较短。对中国人群和外国人群头面部数据进行主成分分析和聚类分析,发现中国人群男性、女性头面部特征都相对接近于高加索人种的波斯人、北美白人,与尼格罗人种的非裔美国人差距较大,与南亚人差距也较大;中国男性容貌耳长,眼内角间宽、鼻宽、头宽、形态面高值多小于尼格罗人种的4个人群,形态面高值多小于高加索人种的波斯人;中国女性鼻宽、口宽值小于非裔美国人,容貌面高、眼内角间宽、面宽多大于北美白人、伊朗人。中国地理分区人群头面部特征的共性与人群间长期的融合、具有相似的遗传结构有关,环境因素是其存在差异的重要原因。
李咏兰 , 于会新 , 张兴华 , 宇克莉 , 包金萍 , 郑连斌 . 中国不同地理分区人群的头面部特征[J]. 人类学学报, 2023 , 42(06) : 793 -806 . DOI: 10.16359/j.1000-3193/AAS.2023.0048
A total of 18 head-face parameters of 45254 Chinese adults (19892 males and 25362 females) have been measured in recent years. The data were statistically analyzed by geographical division and principal component analysis was performed. The males of Northeast and North China have longer ears, closer extraocular angle, narrower noses, and wider heads and faces. Southern China population have shorter ears, wider eyes and noses, narrower heads and faces. The females of Northeast and North China have higher and wider faces, larger eye distances and longer ears. The females of South and Southwest China have lower and narrower faces, closer eye distances and shorter ears. Principal component analysis and cluster analysis were conducted on the head-face data of Chinese and foreign populations, and it was found that the head-face characteristics of Chinese were relatively close to those of Caucasian Persians and North American whites, with a large gap between them and African Americans, as well as between them and South Asian population. The physiognomic ear length,interocular breadth, nose breadth, head breadth and morphological facial height of Chinese males are mostly smaller than the four populations of the Negro race, and the morphological facial height of them is mostly smaller than the Persians of the Caucasian race. The nose breadth and mouth breadth of Chinese females are smaller than those of African Americans, and the physiognomic facial height, interocular breadth and face breadth of them are greater than those of North American whites and Iranians. The commonality of head and facial features of geographical regions populations is related to long-term fusion and similar genetic structures among populations, and environmental factors are the important reasons for their differences.
Key words: Chinese; Head and face; Genetic; Environment
[1] | 李咏兰, 郑连斌, 席焕久, 等. 中国北方、南方汉族体重的差异[J]. 解剖学报, 2015, 46(2): 270-274 |
[2] | 孙泽阳, 郑连斌, 宇克莉, 等. 中国藏缅语族未识别民族的体质特征[J]. 天津师范大学学报:自然科学版, 2022, 42(1): 73-80 |
[3] | 席焕久, 陈昭. 人体测量方法[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 2010 |
[4] | Amini F, Mashayekhi Z, Rahimi H, et al. Craniofacial morphologic parameters in a persian population: an anthropometric study[J]. Journal of Craniofacial Surgery, 2014, 25(5): 1874-1881 |
[5] | Farkas LG, Katic MJ, Forrest CR. Comparison of craniofacial measurements of young adult African-American and North American white males and females[J]. Annals of Plastic Surgery, 2007, 59(6): 692-698 |
[6] | Taura MG, Adamu LH, Gudaji A. Variation of facial features among three African populations: Body height match analyses[J]. Homo, 2017, 68(1): 69-79 |
[7] | Raveendran M. The South Asian facial anthropometric profile: a systematic review[J]. Journal of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, 2019, 47(2): 263-272 |
[8] | Bayat M, Shariati M, Rajaeirad F, et al. Facial anthropometric norms of the young Iranian population[J]. Journal of Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, 2018, 17(2): 150-157 |
[9] | Husein OF, Sepehr A, Garg R, et al. Anthropometric and aesthetic analysis of the Indian American woman’s face[J]. Journal of Plastic Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery, 2010, 63(11): 1825-1831 |
[10] | Pavlica TM, Raki? RS, Bo?i?-Krsti? VS, et al. Secular trend of head and face shape in adult population of Vojvodina (Serbia)[J]. Annals of Human Biology, 2018, 45(4): 330-336 |
[11] | Song WC, Kim JI, Kim SH, et al. Female-to-male proportions of the head and face in Koreans[J]. Journal of Craniofacial Surgery, 2009, 20(2): 356-361 |
[12] | Sarna K, Sonigra K, Ngeow WC. A cross-sectional study to determine and compare the craniofacial anthropometric norms in a selected Kenyan and Chinese population[J]. Plastic Surgery, 2023, 31(1): 84-90 |
[13] | Choe KS, Sclafani AP, Litner JA, et al. The Korean American woman's face[J]. Archives of Facial Plastic Surgery, 2004, 6(4): 244-252 |
[14] | Staka G, Asllani-Hoxha F, Bimbashi V. Facial anthropometric norms among Kosovo-Albanian adults[J]. Acta Stomatologica Croatica, 2017, 51(3): 195-206 |
[15] | 殷杏, 孙畅, 谭婧泽. 头面部测量特征证实汉族存在南北中地区差异[J]. 解剖学杂志, 2021, 44(S1): 11-11 |
[16] | 马立广, 曹彦荣, 徐玖瑾, 等. 中国102 个人群的身高与地理环境相关性研究[J]. 人类学学报, 2008, 27(3): 223-231 |
[17] | 林琬生, 胡承康. 中国青年生长发育环境差异的研究[J]. 人类学学报, 1990, 9(2): 152-159 |
[18] | Meiri S, Yom-Tov Y, Geffen E. What determines conformity to Bergmann's rule?[J]. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 2007, 16(6): 788-794 |
[19] | Leonard WR, Katzmarzyk PT. Body size and shape: Climatic and nutritional influences on human body morphology[M]. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010 |
[20] | Arya R, Duggirala R, Comuzzie AG, et al. Heritability of anthropometric phenotypes in caste populations of Visakhapatnam, India[J]. Human biology, 2002, 74(3): 325-344 |
[21] | 杜利利, 兰亚佳, 王海椒, 等. 汉语族人头面部特征分析[J]. 工业卫生与职业病, 2010, 36(1): 13-17 |
[22] | Sero D, Zaidi A, Li J, et al. Facial recognition from DNA using face-to-DNA classifiers[J]. Nature communications, 2019, 10(1): 2557 |
[23] | 宋春波, Macarena FG, Kaustubh A, 等. 秘鲁人面部形态特征的全基因组关联分析[J]. 基因组学与应用生物学, 2021, 7: 2810-2818 |
[24] | 曾雯, 李佳伟, 岳洪彬, 等. 2004年殷墟大司空遗址出土人骨线粒体DNA研究报告[J]. 华夏考古, 2018, 2: 100-105 |
[25] | 朱思媚, 周亚威, 朱泓, 等. 华北民族融合进程中人群生存方式及对健康的影响:以北京延庆西屯村墓地为例[J]. 人类学学报, 2020, 39(1): 127-134 |
[26] | Li J, Zhang Y, Zhu H, et al. Genetic Research of Ancient Human Remains in the Central Plains during Yangshao Period[C]. NJ USA: WILEY, 2019, 168: 143-143 |
[27] | Yang MA, Fan X, Sun B, et al. Ancient DNA indicates human population shifts and admixture in northern and southern China[J]. Science, 2020, 369(6501): 282-288 |
[28] | Wang CC, Yeh HY, Popov AN, et al. Genomic insights into the formation of human populations in East Asia[J]. Nature, 2021, 591(7850): 413-419 |
[29] | Xu S, Yin X, Li S, et al. Genomic dissection of population substructure of Han Chinese and its implication in association studies[J]. The American Journal of Human Genetics, 2009, 85(6): 762-774 |
[30] | Cao Y, Li L, Xu M, et al. The China MAP analytics of deep whole genome sequences in 10,588 individuals[J]. Cell Research, 2020, 30(9): 717-731 |
[31] | He GL, Wang MG, Zou X, et al. Extensive ethnolinguistic diversity at the crossroads of North China and South Siberia reflects multiple sources of genetic diversity[J]. Journal of Systematics and Evolution, 2023, 61(1): 230-250 |
[32] | Wang MG, He GL, Zou X, et al. Reconstructing the genetic admixture history of Tai-Kadai and Sinitic people: Insights from genome-wide SNP data from South China[J]. Journal of Systematics and Evolution, 2023, 61(1): 157-178 |
[33] | 康龙丽. 西藏各民族遗传多样性研究[M]. 西安: 西安交通大学出版社, 2020 |
[34] | He GL, Li YX, Wang MG, et al. Fine-scale genetic structure of Tuiia and central Han Chinese revealing massive genetic admixture under language borrowing[J]. Journal of Systematics and Evolution, 2021, 59(1): 1-20 |
[35] | Pan Y, Wen J, Ning Z, et al. Comparative genomic and transcriptomic analyses reveal the impacts of genetic admixture in Kazaks, Uyghurs, and Huis[J]. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 2023, 40(3): 54 |
[36] | Zhang G, Cui C, Wangdue S, et al. Maternal genetic history of ancient Tibetans over the past 4,000 years[J]. Journal of Genetics and Genomics, 2023, Mar 16: S1673-8527(23)00071-1 |
[37] | Zhang MF, Wu SJ, Du SY, et al. Genetic variants underlying differences in facial morphology in East Asian and European populations[J]. Nature Genetics, 2022, 54(4): 403-411 |
[38] | 李咏兰, 宇克莉, 张兴华, 等. 藏族的体质类型和人种学特征[J]. 人类学学报, 2022, 41(4): 698-711 |
[39] | 周大鸣. 从瑶族看中华民族共同体的形成[J]. 云南民族大学学报:哲学社会科学版, 2023, 40(1): 24-31 |
/
〈 | 〉 |