在跨大陆交流的大背景下，河西走廊史前时期人群的迁徙、扩散、融合及其与古文化发展之间的关系等问题一直备受关注。但人骨材料的缺乏使学界对该区新石器时代人群的来源及其与青铜时代人群的关系并不清楚。本文以地处河西走廊中部的五坝墓地（4400~3800 BP）中出土的14例成年个体颅骨为研究对象，进行了非测量和测量性状的分析。结果显示：五坝人群属东亚类群，与青海省东北部新石器时代晚期人群具有最近的亲缘关系。对河西地区史前时期人群变迁历史的梳理则表明该地区至少经历了两次大规模的人群迁徙：新石器时代晚期，来自河湟地区的农人成规模地向河西走廊扩散，同时带来了波浪式的文化传播；青铜时代早中期，该区人群的颅面部形态特征变得相对复杂，但人群属性并未发生根本性变化。青铜时代晚期以后，欧亚草原游牧人群的大规模南下使河西人群的颅面部形态发生明显改变，也使该地区迎来了考古学文化和生业方式的转型。

Located in northwestern China, the Hexi Corridor was an important route for communication between east-west and north-south in prehistoric and historical times. In the context of the rise of transcontinental exchanges, the migration, diffusion, and integration of prehistoric populations in the Hexi Corridor and their relationship with the development of archaeological cultures have been of great interest. However, the lack of human remains has led to an obscure understanding of the origin of Neolithic populations and their relationship to the Bronze Age population in this area. In this study, 14 adult crania excavated from the Wuba cemetery located in the central region of the Hexi Corridor were analyzed for non-metric and metric craniofacial traits. The Wuba population was compared with 30 populations from the Howells database and 26 groups from ancient northern China by principal component analysis and neighbor-joining network analysis. The results show that: 1) the Wuba population belongs to an East Asia taxon, and no individuals with craniofacial features close to those of the western Eurasian group were found; 2) the results of comparison with craniometric data from ancient populations in northern China indicate that the Wuba population has the closest affinity with the late Neolithic population from northeastern Qinghai province. The review and integration of the prehistoric population history in the Hexi Corridor indicate that this region has experienced at least two large-scale population migrations. In the late Neolithic Age, groups from Hehuang Valley spread to the Hexi Corridor on a large scale, bringing wavy cultural diffusion. In the early and middle Bronze Age, the craniofacial morphology of the Hexi population became complex due to increased human mobility, but the population attributes did not change. The large-scale southward migration of nomads from the Eurasian steppes after the Late Bronze Age brought major changes to the craniofacial morphology of the Hexi population, as well as ushering in archaeological cultural changes and shifts in subsistence in the region.