本文对658例（男291例，女367例）保安族成人的31项体成分指标进行了分析，探讨体成分的性别差异和年龄变化特点。研究发现：保安族成人体脂率正常、肌肉相对发达、骨量较高，但已处于超重水平，尤其男性属于内脏脂肪型肥胖；除内脏脂肪含量外，体成分指标均有性别差异；保安族成人31项体成分指标在6个年龄组间的差异均有统计学意义，其中，内脏脂肪等级、内脏脂肪面积、内脏脂肪含量、腰臀比、左下肢脂肪率、细胞外液和浮肿指数与年龄呈正相关，总肌肉量、四肢肌肉量、推定骨量、身体水分、细胞内液、蛋白质、基础代谢量与年龄呈负相关。相比较而言，保安族男性身体水分较多，躯干脂肪和肌肉量发育较好，高于藏族、汉族、回族和东乡族男性，与裕固族男性接近；保安族女性躯干和左上肢脂肪率较低，右上肢肌肉量较少，与东乡族、藏族、回族、汉族女性较为接近，均低于裕固族女性。综上所述，保安族男性和女性体成分特点为体脂率正常、肌肉发达、骨质状况好。男性还有身体水分较多、内脏脂肪含量较高的特点。

In order to explore the gender differences and age change in body composition, the bioelectrical impedance method was carefully applied to assess a comprehensive set of 31 body composition indicators among 658 adults in Baoan, consisting of 291 males and 367 females. The study discovered that the adults of Baoan possess a commendably normal body fat percentage, and they also exhibit notably developed muscles and impressively higher bone mass. However, the study pointedly revealed that the Baoan adults are teetering on the edge of an overweight status, with males particularly susceptible to the concerning issue of visceral obesity. Gender differences in body composition indicators were distinctly observed, except for visceral fat mass, which demonstrated no significant divergence between the sexes. The study further conducted a thorough analysis of the data across six distinct age groups, uncovering statistically significant differences in all 31 indicators. Indicators such as the visceral fat grade, visceral fat area, visceral fat mass, waist-to-hip ratio, left lower limb fat percent, extracellular fluid, and edema index were determined to be positively correlated with age. Conversely, the total muscle mass, limb muscle mass, estimated bone mass, total body water mass, intracellular fluid, protein, and basal metabolism exhibited a negative correlation with age, signifying a progressive decline in these components as individuals age. Comparative analysis with other ethnic groups illustrated that Baoan males have a higher total body water mass and more developed trunk fat and muscle mass compared to their Tibetan, Han, Hui, and Dongxiang males. They are nearly equivalent to those of the Yugur males. In contrast, Baoan females display a lower trunk and left upper limb fat percentage as well as less right upper limb muscle mass, which is found to be similar to those of Dongxiang, Tibetan, Hui, and Han females, yet they are comparatively lower than the Yugur females. The body composition characteristics of Baoan adults include a normal body fat percentage, well-developed muscles, and good bone condition. Males also tend to have higher levels of total body water mass and visceral fat.