2021年河南南召新发现的旧石器
收稿日期: 2024-01-18
修回日期: 2024-04-10
网络出版日期: 2024-10-10
New paleolithic discoveries in Nanzhao, Henan in 2021
Received date: 2024-01-18
Revised date: 2024-04-10
Online published: 2024-10-10
2021年,在南召县发现8处旧石器地点,石制品400余件。通过地层比对,小余坪西山、余坪、瓦房庄西山、杏花山猿人、沈家庄东山和南坡根6处地点暂归为中更新世中期,距今50~60万年;钟店西南山和白果树西南山2处地点暂归为中更新世晚期。对各地点的石器工艺流程复原、技术特点等比对发现,均体现石核—石片技术。从石器大小上分析,钟店西南山、小余坪西山、白果树南山、瓦房庄西山和沈家庄东山地点属于华北小石器工业,余坪和南坡根地点显示出南北方过渡的工业特征。这几处地点的石器工艺比1980、1987年小空山上洞和下洞遗址的更为原始。从石制品原料利用率、器类组合、石器加工技术等方面分析,钟店西南山、余坪、白果树西南山3处地点与上洞遗址更为接近;从剥片技术和石器大小上分析,又比上洞遗址更为原始,可能具有发展关系。
崔祚文 , 王春雪 , 陈全家 , 曾庆硕 , 张楠 . 2021年河南南召新发现的旧石器[J]. 人类学学报, 2024 , 43(05) : 853 -864 . DOI: 10.16359/j.1000-3193/AAS.2024.0075
From February to March 2021, the School of Archaeology of Jilin University, the Nanyang Institute for the Preservation of Cultural Heritage, and the local cultural administration jointly conducted a special paleolithic archaeological investigation in the tributaries of the Baihe River in Nanzhao County, Nanyang City, Henan Province, including the Song River, Huangya River, Guan River, Kongshan River, Ji River, Ya River, and Yahekou Reservoir. Approximately 400 stone artifacts were discovered and collected at eight sites, namely the Xinanshan site in Zhongdian, the Xishan site in Xiaoyuping, the Yuping site, the Xinanshan site in Baiguoshu, the Xishan site in Wafangzhuang, the Fossil Man locality near Yunyang, the Dongshan site in Shenjiazhuang, and the Nanpogen site. According to stratigraphic comparative analysis, the Xishan site in Xiaoyuping, the Yuping site, the Xishan site in Wafangzhuang, the Dongshan site in Shenjiazhuang, and the Nanpogen site are equivalent in position to the Fossil Man locality near Yunyang and are located in the yellow-brown sand layer. Thus, their ages are tentatively classified as the Middle Pleistocene, approximately 500~600 kaBP. The Xinanshan site in Zhongdian and the Xinanshan site in Baiguoshu are located in the red clay layer on top of the yellow-brown sand layer. Therefore, their ages are tentatively classified as late Middle Pleistocene. Based on the comparison and analysis of the restoration and characteristics of percussion and retouched techniques at each site, the new sites are highly similar in terms of raw material utilization rate, the combination of some artifact types, and retouched techniques, reflecting the core-flake technique. In terms of artifact size, the Xinanshan site in Zhongdian, the Xishan site in Xiaoyuping, the Xinanshan site in Baiguoshu, the Xishan site in Wafangzhuang, and the Dongshan site in Shenjiazhuang belong to the traditional small stone industry type in North China. The Yuping site and the Nanpogen site exhibit transitional industrial characteristics between the South and the North. Through comparison and analysis of the stone industry at the Xiadong site and the Shangdong site in Xiaokongshan in 1980 and 1987, it was found that the percussion technology and retouched techniques at several newly discovered sites are more primitive than those at the two sites in Xiaokongshan, and their ages are earlier. In terms of raw material utilization rate, the combination of some artifact types, and retouched techniques, the Xinanshan site in Zhongdian, the Yuping site, and the Xinanshan site in Baiguoshu are closer to the Shangdong site. However, in terms of percussion technique and artifact size, they are more primitive than the Shangdong site and may have a developmental relationship with it.
Key words: Nanzhao County; Bai River; stone artifacts; Middle Pleistocene
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