在近些年的研究中，内耳迷路因其易保存且能够反映系统发育信号而备受古人类学家的关注。研究发现中国更新世晚期的早期现代人化石表现出复杂的形态特征，为探讨其形态变异及其与现生人群的关系，本文采用三维几何形态测量对柳江人、资阳人、隆林人、招果洞人和奇和洞人的内耳迷路形态进行了研究，并与世界范围内的现生人群进行了对比。研究结果表明，现生人群的内耳迷路形态可能存在明显的人群间差异；欧洲人群与非洲人群的内耳迷路形态相似，二者与亚洲人群有较大的差异。时代较晚的早期现代人化石，例如，奇和洞人、招果洞人和隆林人的内耳迷路形态都位于亚洲现生人群的变异范围之内。而时代较早的柳江人和资阳人拥有相似的内耳迷路形态，他们与欧洲和亚洲现生人群的内耳迷路形态都较为相似，可能代表了早期现代人在进入欧亚大陆以后分化为欧洲和亚洲人群之初的形态。

In recent years, the bony labyrinth has gained significant attention among paleoanthropologists due to its ease of preservation and ability to reflect evolutionary signals. Additionally, the morphological features of the bony labyrinth have proven to be indicative of population histories among modern populations. Studies reveal that Late Pleistocene early modern humans (EMHs) in China display mosaic morphological variation. Early modern humans from Longlin, Maludong, Dushandong exhibit archaic traits, whereas other fossil humans, including those from Qihedong and Zhaoguodong, display fully modern features. To investigate this morphological variation and this relationship with extant modern populations, this study examines the three-dimensional morphology of the bony labyrinth in five EMH specimens from China (Liujiang, Ziyang, Longlin, Zhaoguodong, and Qihedong) and compares it to that of modern populations worldwide. Results reveal significant morphological variations in the inner ear labyrinth among modern populations with European and African populations exhibiting similar morphologies but both differing considerably from Asian populations. Asian populations exhibit a cochlea with fewer turns, a more lateral basal position, and a shorter apex, resulting in reduced cochlear thickness. Additionally, the anterior semicircular canal is less torsioned and more anteriorly tilted. These features contrast with the inner ear labyrinths of most Europeans and Africans. While the overall shape of the bony labyrinth differs between Asian and European populations, both groups tend to have slightly larger centroids than African populations. Furthermore, African populations exhibit less morphological variation in the bony labyrinth compared to European and Asian populations, contradicting the general perception of greater phenotypic variation in African populations. This finding warrants further investigation. The inner ear labyrinth morphology of later EMH fossils (Qihe, Zhaoguodong, and Longlin) fall within the range of variation observed in modern Asian populations. In contrast, earlier EMH fossils (Liujiang and Ziyang) exhibit similar bony labyrinth morphologies and share greater similarities with both European and Asian modern populations. Besides, early modern humans from Liujiang and Ziyang exhibit smaller bony labyrinth centroid size than other fossil hominins and modern populations. This suggests that these early EMHs may represent an initial morphology of the population before its divergence into European and Asian lineages following their entry into Eurasia.