本文从微观宏观结合、定量定性并重的研究视角，对穿洞遗址1981年出土的数件典型骨器的形态特征、加工技术和使用痕迹进行了系统分析，对其工艺和功能进行了较为详细的阐释与恢复。结果显示：穿洞古人类倾向于选择大型鹿类动物的长骨骨干制作尖刃器，而以牛的长骨骨干制作铲型器；加工骨器的技术包括打制、刮削、磨制、切刻、抛光等。此外，与早年研究结果有所不同，穿洞遗址中的两尖器应为复合工具，且其主要应用于钻孔或切割等活动而非通常所认知的渔猎；骨锥类工具可能用于兽皮穿孔；铲形器刃口形态各异，但其使用痕迹特征基本一致，表明其主要用于挖掘地下块茎类植物。本文为穿洞史前骨工业的技术特征、文化源流以及古人类生计模式、生存状态的探索与研究提供了新的证据。

Located in Puding County, central-western part of Guizhou Province, the Chuandong site is of great cultural significance for its extensive collection of bone tools. Dating from approximately 11±1 kaBP to 20±6 kaBP, this assemblage predominantly consists of sophisticated tools such as spatulas, points and awls, of which many exhibit remarkably well-preserved bone surfaces. However, so far the published researches on manufacturing of bone artifacts are based on naked-eye observations, and the presumed functions of such tools are largely rooted on typological comparisons or anecdotal records. In this paper, microscopic features found on the tools, along with results of bone surface modification analysis, bone implements from the 1981 field season using chaine opératoire and comparative ethnographic, experimental and archaeological data. Results shows that spatulas were made from the long bone shaft of large-sized bovids by percussion and engraving (probably with a relatively pointed or narrow-edged tool), while bipoint and awls were fabricated from the long bone shaft of large-sized cervids by extensive scraping or grinding. The present study shows that bone awls were principally used to perforate animal hides probably for cloth-making; rather than as a component of composite spear or fish gorge. Bipoints most probably used for drilling holes or in engraving activities. Further investigation of the spatulas from the cave shows that microstriations, ranging from 30 to 80 μm in width, are restricted within the polished parts of spatulas; with a progressive reduction in width from the tip, these striations are oriented parallel or sub-parallel to the long axis of the tool. This pattern is consistent with those observed in tuber exploitation experiments. It is thus concluded that, despite variations in morphology, the primary function of this category of tools was likely to exhume some kinds of under-ground storage organs, which are presumably to be one of the inhabitants main food resources. The bone tool assemblage from the Chuandong site provides a significant contribution to our understanding of the technological repertoire and subsistence patterns of Late Pleistocene hunter-gatherers in Southwestern China and also in tracing cultural contact between different peoples in southeastern Asia as a whole.