为探究元代山东地区人群的生存压力，本文对山东广饶十村北墓地2021年出土的19例元代人骨标本进行了人类骨骼考古学研究和稳定同位素分析。通过C、N同位素分析，发现该墓地人群基本以粟和小麦为食，人群肉食资源较为充足、营养较好，但内部的肉食资源摄入水平存在一定的差异。在生存压力研究方面，在该墓地人群的生长发育过程中，大部分个体未因虚弱而死亡，仅有少数个体因营养水平等原因早逝。结合骨学悖论和生命史研究，将该人群按照是否成年分组进行分析。研究显示，4例未成年个体之间承担压力的能力存在差异，但经历生长压力较重的事件后均未能形成较强的抵抗力和调整能力。得益于营养充足，其余未成年个体在成年后进入了健康期，体能和生理健康处于最高水平，恢复力较强，具有一定承担和适应压力的能力。15例成年个体受社会地位等因素影响缺乏足够的文化缓冲机制，面临较重的生存压力。

This paper presents an archaeological study of human bone remains and stable isotope analysis of 19 Yuan Dynasty human bone specimens excavated from the Shicun North Cemetery in Guangrao, Shandong in 2021. Based on burial items and tomb layout, it is concluded that the Shicun North Cemetery dates back to the Yuan Dynasty. With a minimal quantity of mostly common burial objects per tomb, this cemetery is identified as a civilian cemetery. The research aims to gain insights into the survival stress of the people in Guangrao, Shandong during the Yuan Dynasty.

Three individuals had fractures, including lumbar vertebra compression fractures, metatarsal fractures, and frontal bone fractures. The frontal bone’s depressed fracture, potentially caused by violence, was relatively rare. This indicates that society was likely stable at that time. There might have been occasional minor disputes, but overall, people lived in peace.

The results of C and N isotope analysis show that the cemetery population mainly consumed millet and wheat, which is consistent with the grain-consumption structure of the Yuan Dynasty in Shandong, where both millet and wheat were equally emphasized. Meanwhile, the meat supply for the population was relatively abundant and nutritious, yet there were differences in individual consumption levels.

In the study of survival stress, most people in this cemetery community survived the vulnerable growth and development stages, with only a small number failing to do so due to nutritional status or other factors. To conduct the analysis, the population was divided into adults and minors using osteological paradox and life-history studies. The four minor cases had varying stress-bearing capacities, but none developed strong resistance and adaptability after experiencing severe growth-related stress. One individual was in a vulnerable state and had the strongest pressure-bearing ability among them. Another individual had a weaker pressure-bearing ability compared to others.

Adult individuals, benefiting from sufficient nutrition, entered a healthy period after reaching adulthood, with high levels of physical and physiological health, strong resilience, and the ability to tolerate and adapt to stress to a certain extent. However, adults also faced higher stress levels because, due to social status and other reasons, they lacked adequate cultural buffering mechanisms.