华南洞穴群中产出丰富的第四纪哺乳动物化石，特别是广西布兵盆地和崇左地区，近年来发现大量更新世不同时期的哺乳动物群，为了解更新世哺乳动物群的演化奠定了基础。根据对广西布兵盆地中山岩厦遗址(14,523~8,472 BP cal)出土哺乳动物牙齿化石的详细鉴定可知，该动物群共6目17科31种，以大中型哺乳动物为主，其中灵长目和偶蹄目在动物群中占主体地位。布兵盆地内以中山岩厦遗址为代表的更新世末期-全新世初期动物群的主要特征是完全让位于现生物种。自早更新世以来，布兵盆地的一系列洞穴动物群呈现出灭绝种比例渐次下降、现生种比例逐渐增长的趋势。对中山岩厦遗址动物群的研究，填补了更新世化石动物群向全新世现代动物群过渡的生物年代序列空白，为研究华南第四纪哺乳动物群的演化建立了一个重要基点。遗址内丰富的灵长目和鹿类化石类型和数量，反映了以森林为主的多样化生态景观，暗示了末次冰期后盆地内植被的恢复，为人类活动提供了优质的环境资源。

The caves in southern China, especially those in the Bubing Basin and Chongzuo region of Guangxi, yield abundant Quaternary mammal fossils. In recent years, a large number of mammal faunas from different Pleistocene periods have been discovered there. These fossil materials have significantly contributed to laying the foundation for understanding the evolution of the Pleistocene mammal fauna. However, due to the scarcity of reports on the late Pleistocene to early Holocene faunas, the evolution of the mammal fauna during this crucial transitional period remains poorly understood.

Recent research on the Zhongshan rock shelter site in the Bubing Basin, Guangxi, which dates back approximately 14,523~8,472 BP cal, has provided new perspectives on this transitional phase. Based on the detailed identification of mammalian tooth fossils unearthed from the Zhongshan rock - shelter site, the fauna comprises 31 species belonging to 17 families and 6 orders, mainly consisting of medium to large mammals. Among them, Primates and Artiodactyla are the most abundant, reflecting their dominant position in the fauna.

The fauna from the end of the Pleistocene to the beginning of the Holocene, represented by the Zhongshan rock - shelter site in the Bubing Basin, is mainly characterized by the replacement of extinct species by extant ones. Since the early Pleistocene, the series of cave faunas in the Bubing Basin has shown a gradual decrease in the proportion of extinct species and an increase in extant species. The study of the fauna at the Zhongshan rock shelter site is particularly significant as it fills a critical gap in the biochronological sequence documenting the transition from the Pleistocene fossil fauna to the Holocene modern fauna. This provides a valuable reference for understanding the evolutionary dynamics of Quaternary mammalian faunas in southern China.

The fossil record highlights the ecological changes in the region during this transitional period, presenting a clearer picture of how mammalian communities adapted to environmental changes. Notably, the richness in the types of primate and deer fossils at the site reflects a diverse ecological landscape dominated by forests. This indicates that the Bubing Basin experienced vegetation recovery after the Last Glacial Maximum, creating a favorable environment for both wildlife and human populations. The presence of biodiversity and abundant resources likely supported human activities in this region.

In summary, the Zhongshan rock shelter site provides crucial evidence for understanding the late Pleistocene to early Holocene faunal transition in southern China. This research establishes a fundamental framework for further studies on Quaternary mammalian evolution and its environmental context.