云南元谋丙弄丙洪是金沙江中游地区一处新石器时代晚期至青铜时代遗址，包含大量打制石器遗存。该遗址石制品原料基本为砂岩类砾石，以硬锤直接修型或剥坯后再修理成各类石器；石制品类别包括砾石、使用砾石、石核、石片、石器和断块，石器组合包括打制斧锛类、石刀、石镞、刮削器、砍砸器、盘状石器等。比较研究的结果显示：1）该遗址打制砾石器承继了当地传统，并表现出与和平石器工业相似的类型与技术特征，显现了中国西南与东南亚大陆地区史前文化的联系；2）两侧带缺口的石刀等新的工具类型，可能是连同栽培作物等、受中原-甘青地区仰韶中晚期-马家窑文化人群影响而传入的新文化因素；3）金沙江中游地区打制石器的长期流行与当地石制品原料的丰富及其获取的便利密切相关，也是云贵高原地区独特的自然环境使然。

The Bingnong-Binghong site is situated in Yuanmou county, north-central Yunnan Province. It contains a lower cultural layer dated as early as 4600 BP, around the Mid-Holocene. While the upper cultural layer of the site contains a few bronze implements, estimated to be lasting until 2500 BP or so. A large number of knapped stone artefacts were uncovered from both cultural layers, about 12694 pieces in total. Techno-typological analyses of the lithic artefacts indicate that Late Neolithic to Bronze Age populations inhabited in the middle reaches of the Jinsha River utilised knapped stone tools quite often. The lithic raw materials are mostly sedimentary rocks in the form of river cobbles. Considering that the site is located on the second terrace of the Jinsha River, large quantities of river cobbles would be easily accessed. The lithic assemblages from the Bingnong-Binghong site contain cobbles, used elongated cobbles, cores, flakes, tools and debris. Most of the stone tools were either shaped directly from large oval cobbles, or to split cobbles into two halves and then retouch split cobbles into different kinds of tools. Among the knapped stone tools, there found quadrilateral axes/adzes made of either cobbles or split cobbles, and slightly shouldered stone axes made of split cobbles. There also found knives made of primary oval flakes, either with notches on both sides or not. Besides, there are scrapers retouched on flakes, side-edged choppers shaped from oval cobbles, discoids bifacially worked from cobbles, net sinkers made of large flat pebbles, chisels and arrows. Our study shows that: 1) Techno-typological features of the knapped stone tools from the Bingnong-Binghong site exhibit an indigenous cobble tool tradition in Southwest China since the Late Upper Pleistocene. It seems to bear remarkable similarities to the Hoabinhian technocomplex in Mainland Southeast Asia, which reveals a close relationship between the populations and archaeological cultures of both regions originated as early as the Late Upper Pleistocene. 2) New tool types such as stone knives with notches on both sides, and quadrilateral stone axes / adzes, are also found in the lithic assemblages. They may have been introduced into Southwest China around the Mid-Holocene, together with cultivated crops by farming populations of the Late Yangshao-Majiayao cultures from the Central Plains-Gansu-Qinghai region. Neolithic cultural factors should have dispersed along with continuous human movements from Central Plains through Northwest China to Southwest China since Early Holocene. 3) The long-lasting cobble tool tradition in the middle reaches of the Jinsha River is very likely resulted from the abundance of raw materials for stone tool production and the convenience of obtaining cobbles in nearby areas. The characteristics of Bingnong-Binghong lithic industries appear to be highly related to the unique natural environment of the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau.