2014年以来，对华龙洞遗址的发掘和剖面清理发现了50余件古人类化石（包括1件较为完整的头骨）以及古人类制作的石器等古人类生存活动证据。研究发现，华龙洞人类头骨、下颌骨、牙齿以及肢骨呈现与东亚中更新世直立人、更新世晚期人类及现代人分别相似的一些混合特征。华龙洞人头骨具有一系列与周口店等东亚更新世中期直立人相似的原始特征，包括略低矮的颅穹窿、额骨矢状脊、发达的眶上圆枕，以及相对小的颅容量等。同时，华龙洞人头骨、面骨、下颌骨和牙齿化石还呈现出一些与更新世晚期人类及现代人相似的特征，表现为头骨较薄，上面部扁平、颅穹窿部圆隆和面部形态纤细、下颌骨联合接近垂直并出现颏三角雏形、牙齿结构简单及尺寸较小等。这些研究发现提示，30万年前的华龙洞人已经出现向现代人演化过渡的趋势，是东亚地区迄今发现的年代最早、包含现代人特征最多的中更新世古人类。华龙洞人类化石的发现和研究为东亚中更新世晚期人类演化多样性提供了新的证据。

Starting in 2014, ten years field work of excavations and deposit cleaning at the Hualongdong site, Dongzhi County, Anhui Province have resulted in more than fifty pieces of hominin fossils (including one well preserved skull), and stone tools and other evidence of hominin activities. Through fauna composition analysis and isotope dating, the hominin fossils were dated to about 300 ka. With these findings, the Hualongdong has been ranked as the most abundant hominin fossils and stone tool sites of Middle Pleistocene with Zhoukoudian. For the past ten years, a series of research with hominin fossils of cranium, facial bones, mandible, limb bones and teeth from Hualongdong have been conducted. Some new discoveries and understandings have been achieved from these studies. Our studies indicate the morphological traits of cranium, facial bones, mandible, limb bones and teeth from Hualongdong exhibit mosaics with combinations of East Asian Middle Pleistocene Homo erectus, Late Pleistocene hominin and modern human patterns. The cranium of Hualongdong has a suit of archaic features resembling those of East Asian Homo erectus, including low cranial vault, frontal keel, pronounced supraorbital torus, low position of maximum cranial breadth, slopping nasal floor and relatively small cranial capacity. Moreover, the cranium, facial bones, mandible and teeth show some derived features linking with Later Pleistocene hominins and modern humans. The modern human features in the Hualongdong hominin fossils include thin cranial wall, flat and gracile face, nearly vertical mandible symphysis, occurrence of initial mandibular trigon, and small and simple morphology teeth.

The hominin fossils discovered from the Hualongdong site were regarded as the one population living in the same time from 270~330 ka. During the studies of the hominin fossils, we noticed some variabilities in the expressions of some morphological features. The lower second molar and the frontal bone discovered in 2006 exhibit a suit of feature patterns that are usually found in East Asian Homo erectus. The frontal bone shows a robust temporal line and thick cranial wall. Besides, the frontal bone has a metopic suture and enlarged frontal sinus. The occlusal surface of the molar has cusp 5, cusp 6 and cusp 7 plus complicated occlusal morphological pattern. Crown dimensions are within variations of Homo erectus and much larger than those of early modern human, contemporary human and European Middle Pleistocene humans. With these feature patterns, we proposed they may represent Homo erectus living during the Middle Pleistocene. In addition, the three pieces of Hualongdong femurs exhibit mosaic patterns with resemblance to Middle Pleistocene archaic hominins and Late Pleistocene early modern humans respectively, including lacking a pilaster, subtrochanteric pieces similar to Middle Pleistocene, and a prominent gluteal buttress and a small third trochanter resembling to many Upper Paleolithic hominins.

These morphological patterns suggest that the 300 ka Hualongdong hominin fossils already exhibit the evolutionary trend towards the modern humans, and the Hualongdong hominins are the earliest Middle Pleistocene hominins in East Asia with most modern human features. The discoveries and related studies of Hualongdong hominin fossils provide new evidence for the hominin evolutionary diversities of East Asian late Middle Pleistocene.