元谋猿人遗址区域新生代地貌演化
收稿日期: 2025-03-26
录用日期: 2025-06-10
网络出版日期: 2025-12-15
基金资助
国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFF0800502);国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFF0804503);青藏高原地球系统基础科学中心(41988101-01);第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究(2019QZKK0707)
Evolution of Cenozoic geomorphology in the Yuanmou hominin site area
Received date: 2025-03-26
Accepted date: 2025-06-10
Online published: 2025-12-15
对元谋猿人遗址及其周边地区的地貌形成演化以及水系地表侵蚀过程的研究，可深入揭示青藏高原东南缘构造隆升与气候-生态环境-古人类活动的耦合关系。本研究以磁性地层年代学、构造事件和岩相变化为基石，系统阐述了元谋猿人遗址及其周边地区古夷平面、内部古水系以及河流阶地等地貌发育、形成和演化过程。研究结果表明，元谋猿人遗址及周边地区在新生代以来至少经历了从渐新世晚期至中新世早期、晚中新世早期、上新世早期、早更新世晚期、中更新世、晚更新世以及全新世等不同时期的重大构造事件和水系重组事件，最终演化成现今的地貌格局。另外，元谋猿人遗址的形成过程与三级古夷平面的形成和河流阶地的发育高度相关，反映了古人类活动与构造运动、水系变迁及其控制的地貌演化模式的密切关系。本研究为探讨地貌过程和生态环境变化对元谋猿人及其他古人类生存活动的影响机制提供了重要的地质证据，并为元谋猿人遗址及周边区域今后的古人类和旧石器考古工作提供了重要的参考依据。
张伟林 , 颜茂都 , 昝金波 , 苗运法 , 宋香锁 , 张涛 , 徐尊铂 , 才让道吉 , 阮齐军 , 李浩 . 元谋猿人遗址区域新生代地貌演化[J]. 人类学学报, 2025 , 44(06) : 952 -966 . DOI: 10.16359/j.1000-3193/AAS.2025.0098
The study on the formation and evolution of geomorphology and the surface erosion of paleo-drainage of the Yuanmou paleolithic site and its surrounding region can well reveal the coupling relationship between tectonic uplift, climate, ecological environment and ancient human activities on the southeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau. The geomorphologic formation and evolution and the surface erosion of its internal paleo-drainage around the Yuanmou paleolithic site, have profoundly influenced by the multiple tectonic uplifts and paleo-drainage reorganization on the southeastern Tibetan Plateau (SETP) since the Eocene. The ancient bedrock of the paleo-planation surface and the Cenozoic strata above the river terraces have formed a surface weathering crust under long-term physical and chemical processes, becoming an important ecological barrier for the distinctive regional ecological environment, Agricultural and livestock production, and ancient human activities. Based on magnetostratigraphic chronology, tectonic events, and lithofacies changes, our study systematically elucidated the development, formation, and breakup processes of the geomorphology from the paleo-planation surface, the paleo-drainage and the river terraces. The research results indicate that the Yuanmou paleolithic site and its surrounding region have undergone significant tectonic events and paleo-drainage reorganization events in different periods since the Cenozoic, such as during the late Oligocene to early Miocene, early Late-Miocene, early Pliocene, late Early-Pleistocene, middle Pleistocene, late Pleistocene and Holocene, and ultimately formed to its present configuration. In addition, the formation process of the Yuanmou Paleolithic Site is highly related to the formation of the third paleo-planation surface and the development of river terraces, reflecting the close association between ancient human activities and tectonic movements, paleo-drainage changes, and their controlled geomorphic evolution patterns. This work would provide significant geological evidence for exploring the impact mechanisms of geomorphic processes and ecological environment changes on the survival activities of Yuanmou Man and other ancient humans, and also offer essential proof for future archaeological work on ancient humans and Paleolithic artifacts in the Yuanmou Paleolithic Site and its surrounding region.
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