重庆巫山龙骨坡遗址是国内外广受关注的早期人类遗址之一。在经历四轮发掘后，2023年由重庆中国三峡博物馆、中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所、武汉大学等单位联合启动了第五轮的第一次发掘，出土特征清晰的石制品146件、动物化石519件，石制品原料主要来自遗址周边的三叠纪灰岩。类型包括刮削器、砍砸器、手镐、尖状器、石片等，以刮削器和砍砸器数量最多。动物化石以大中型哺乳动物为主，包括食肉目、长鼻目、奇蹄目和偶蹄目等，成员以绝灭种居多，占94.44%，动物群指示的时代为早更新世早期。发掘地层位于遗址上部，对其中碳酸盐堆积的初步分析结果显示其年龄为中更新世晚期-晚更新世早期，说明遗址上部可能存在较年轻地层且混入了早期动物化石，这为进一步厘清洞穴演化历史和地层堆积过程、各层位石制品人工性质与技术面貌、生物演化背景、地层年代序列等重点问题提供了新的材料和证据。

The Longgupo site in Wushan, Chongqing, is one of the early human sites that has received widespread attention both at home and abroad. The site was first discovered in 1984 and has undergone four seasons totaling 12 times of excavations since 1985. The first season (1985-1988) initially aimed at mammalian fossils, while after the discovery of a controversial hominid jawbone fragment that sparked debate over its classification, the focus shifted to excavating it as a cultural site. Consequently, the excavation method was adjusted to dig and record according to horizontal layers, and 120 species of vertebrate fossils including 116 species of mammalian fossils, 14 Gigantopithecus teeth, and 2 stone artifacts were found. The second season of excavation (1997-1998) paid more attention to cultural clues that might be related to human activities, leading to the discovery of over 20 stone artifacts. The third season (2003-2006), a joint excavation by China and France, resulted in the discovery of 845 stone artifacts, one Gigantopithecus tooth, over 1000 vertebrate fossils, and two accumulations of mammalian limb bone fossils with suspected artificial marks over the four years of excavations. The fourth season (2011-2012) was led by the Chongqing China Three Gorges Museum, discovering 206 stone artifacts and 178 mammalian fossils, which focused more on stratigraphic accumulation and stratigraphic division.

After an interval of 11 years, the fifth season was launched in 2023 by the Chongqing China Three Gorges Museum, the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Wuhan University, etc., resulting in the discovery of 146 pieces of well-characterized stone artifacts and 519 pieces of mammalian fossils.The stone artifacts were mainly made of the Triassic limestones distributed around the site. The types include scrapers, choppers, picks, points, flakes, etc., with the scrapers and choppers being the most remarkable ones. Mammalian fossils are dominated by large and medium-sized mammals, including Carnivora, Proboscidea, Perissodactyla, Artiodactyla, etc., and the extinct species account for 94.44% of the total, indicating that the age is early Early Pleistocene. The preliminary results of speleothem samples in the upper layers of the site yield the age from the late Middle Pleistocene to the early Late Pleistocene, which suggests that there may be younger layers in the upper part of the site that are mixed with early mammalian fossils. This provides new evidence for further clarification of some key issues including the site formation process, stratigraphic sequences and lithological characteristics, anthropic nature of stone artifacts and their technological features, biological evolutionary background, and sedimentary chronological sequences of the Longgupo site.