泥河湾盆地蔚县中更新世古人类活动遗址的发现与科学价值
收稿日期: 2026-01-09
录用日期: 2026-02-15
网络出版日期: 2026-06-12
基金资助
国家自然科学基金项目(42371165)
Discovery and scientific value of the Middle Pleistocene archaeological sites in the Nihewan Basin (Yuxian)
Received date: 2026-01-09
Accepted date: 2026-02-15
Online published: 2026-06-12
泥河湾盆地作为构建我国更新世环境变化与人类适应的重要区域，其考古发现一直为学术界关注。作为盆地的重要组成部分，蔚县境内保留了丰富的河湖相地层，发现了大量古人类活动遗址，获取了丰富的石制品和动物化石等遗存。蔚县中更新世地层记录了泥河湾古湖发育中后期至消亡的过程，古人类活动于湖滨地貌环境，测年手段指示古人类活动于70万~20万年前。石制品组合表明古人类在远距离获取原料、系统剥片和石器多样化及精致加工方面存在进步特点。动物考古初步分析显示人类行为在多个区域参与了遗址的形成过程，且具备成熟高效的动物资源开发能力。古环境重建指示中更新世超长间冰期（MIS 15~13）与中布容事件（MIS 11）的气候波动与古人类适应方面具有较大研究潜力。蔚县中更新世的考古发现，为完善泥河湾盆地古人类活动年代框、构建百万年人类技术演化史、揭示人类对动物资源的认知与获取能力、探明环境变化与人类对湖滨景观的利用策略等，具有重要的科学意义。
裴树文 , 牛东伟 , 马东东 . 泥河湾盆地蔚县中更新世古人类活动遗址的发现与科学价值[J]. 人类学学报, 2026 , 45(03) : 403 -418 . DOI: 10.16359/j.1000-3193/AAS.2026.0027
Nihewan Basin is considered as a key region for exploring the environmental fluctuation and human adaptations during Pleistocene in China. The discoveries of archaeological sites from the basin are always draw great attention to the public in the research field. Comparing to the investigations and research development from Early and Late Pleistocene in the area, the archaeological sites from Middle Pleistocene still need to be improved. As the main part of the Nihewan Basin (senso lato), the Yuxian subbasin also preserved fluvial and lacustrine Quaternary deposits which can be assigned to the Nihewan Beds during the formation of Nihewan Paleolake. Since the 21st century, many archaeological sites including Qianshangying (QSY), Jijiazhuang (JJZ), Caijiagou (CJG), Yinjiangou (YJG), and Beiguanbu (BGB) from Middle Pleistocene in the Jijiazhuang and Nuanquaan area were achieved, offering a unique opportunity to investigate Middle Pleistocene human adaptations in the Nihewan Basin.
The stratigraphic sequence of Middle Pleistocene from Yuxian subbasin documented the middle to late stages and vanish of the Nihewan paleolake, while early humans occupied in the lake shore environment of the paleolake. 26Al/10Be burial dating, Electron Spin Resoance (ESR), and Optically Stimulated Luminescence (OSL) techniques were carried out to constrain the time interval of 0.7~0.2 Ma of early human occupation. Stone tool assemblages show evidence of relatively long-distance resource procurement, systematic flaking strategy, and the increased number of retouched tools indicate standardized, extensive and refined modification. Preliminary zooarchaeological analysis indicate that early humans seemed to have primary access to animal carcasses and performed as the main agency of the formation of many sites, which demonstrate the early humans possessed the abilities of the systematic and effective exploitation of animal resources. Paleoenvironmental reconstructions imply that the relationship between climatic fluctuations of extra-long duration of interglacial or mild stadial climate events (MISs 15~13) and Mid-Brunhes Event (MBE) may be great potential research topics in the future.
It can be inferred that the archaeological discoveries from Middle Pleistocene in Yuxian subbasin will help to build the chronological framework and million years of technological evolutionary history of early humans in the Nihewan Basin. In addition, these archaeological investigations will also bear great significance for exploring the cognitive and acquisition capabilities of animal resources, how environmental change affect the behavioral strategies adapted to the lake shore landscape of hominins in the Nihewan Basin.
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京ICP证05002819号-3