Acta Anthropologica Sinica ›› 2023, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (06): 764-778.doi: 10.16359/j.1000-3193/AAS.2023.0047
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TENG Xiaoxiao1,3(), DAI Yubiao2, YUAN Haibing3(), BAI Jiujiang2
Received:
2022-11-18
Accepted:
2023-03-14
Online:
2023-12-15
Published:
2023-12-14
CLC Number:
TENG Xiaoxiao, DAI Yubiao, YUAN Haibing, BAI Jiujiang. Research on the health condition and burial style of human bones from the Dashuitian Neolithic site in Chongqing[J]. Acta Anthropologica Sinica, 2023, 42(06): 764-778.
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URL: https://www.anthropol.ac.cn/EN/10.16359/j.1000-3193/AAS.2023.0047
关节Joint→ 性别Gender↓ | 肘关节Elbow joint | 膝关节Knee joint | 椎关节Vertebral joint | 足部关节Foot joint | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
数量n(Total) | 患病n(Sick) | 占比Percent | 数量n(Total) | 患病n(Sick) | 占比Percent | 数量n(Total) | 患病n(Sick) | 占比Percent | 数量n(Total) | 患病n(Sick) | 占比 Percent | ||||
男性Male | 49 | 2 | 4.08% | 48 | 0 | 0 | 48 | 5 | 10.42% | 36 | 14 | 38.89% | |||
女性Female | 42 | 0 | 0 | 43 | 1 | 2.33% | 37 | 3 | 8.11% | 33 | 11 | 33.33% | |||
性别不详Unknown | 7 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 1 | 20.00% | |||
总计Total | 98 | 2 | 2.04% | 95 | 1 | 1.05% | 90 | 8 | 8.89% | 74 | 26 | 35.14% |
Tab.1 Osteoarthritis in both sexes
关节Joint→ 性别Gender↓ | 肘关节Elbow joint | 膝关节Knee joint | 椎关节Vertebral joint | 足部关节Foot joint | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
数量n(Total) | 患病n(Sick) | 占比Percent | 数量n(Total) | 患病n(Sick) | 占比Percent | 数量n(Total) | 患病n(Sick) | 占比Percent | 数量n(Total) | 患病n(Sick) | 占比 Percent | ||||
男性Male | 49 | 2 | 4.08% | 48 | 0 | 0 | 48 | 5 | 10.42% | 36 | 14 | 38.89% | |||
女性Female | 42 | 0 | 0 | 43 | 1 | 2.33% | 37 | 3 | 8.11% | 33 | 11 | 33.33% | |||
性别不详Unknown | 7 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 1 | 20.00% | |||
总计Total | 98 | 2 | 2.04% | 95 | 1 | 1.05% | 90 | 8 | 8.89% | 74 | 26 | 35.14% |
项目Variable | 左侧Left(cm) | 右侧Right(cm) | 总体均值Mean | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
最大值Max | 最小值Min | 均值Mean | 例数n | 最大值Max | 最小值Min | 均值Mean | 例数n | |||
肱骨Humerus | 33.30 | 30.30 | 31.80 | 8 | 32.80 | 29.00 | 31.01 | 14 | 31.30 | |
尺骨Ulna | 26.30 | 25.50 | 25.83 | 3 | — | — | — | — | 25.83 | |
桡骨Radius | 24.00 | 24.00 | 24.00 | 1 | 23.50 | 23.00 | 23.38 | 4 | 23.50 | |
股骨Femur | 46.50 | 40.00 | 44.01 | 9 | 45.00 | 40.50 | 43.19 | 9 | 43.60 | |
胫骨Tibia | 36.00 | 32.00 | 34.00 | 2 | — | — | — | — | 34.00 | |
推算身高Height(I ) | 175.19 | 150.68 | 166.54 | 20 | 170.97 | 151.74 | 162.61 | 25 | 164.19 | |
推算身高Height(II) | 171.94 | 155.53 | 166.27 | 20 | 169.64 | 157.93 | 164.10 | 25 | 164.94 | |
推算身高Height(ΙΙΙ) | 168.21 | 154.66 | 163.24 | 20 | 167.41 | 156.51 | 161.78 | 25 | 162.31 | |
推算身高Height(IV) | 171.42 | 153.93 | 164.97 | 13 | 169.68 | 156.46 | 163.20 | 18 | 163.96 |
Tab.2 Height of male
项目Variable | 左侧Left(cm) | 右侧Right(cm) | 总体均值Mean | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
最大值Max | 最小值Min | 均值Mean | 例数n | 最大值Max | 最小值Min | 均值Mean | 例数n | |||
肱骨Humerus | 33.30 | 30.30 | 31.80 | 8 | 32.80 | 29.00 | 31.01 | 14 | 31.30 | |
尺骨Ulna | 26.30 | 25.50 | 25.83 | 3 | — | — | — | — | 25.83 | |
桡骨Radius | 24.00 | 24.00 | 24.00 | 1 | 23.50 | 23.00 | 23.38 | 4 | 23.50 | |
股骨Femur | 46.50 | 40.00 | 44.01 | 9 | 45.00 | 40.50 | 43.19 | 9 | 43.60 | |
胫骨Tibia | 36.00 | 32.00 | 34.00 | 2 | — | — | — | — | 34.00 | |
推算身高Height(I ) | 175.19 | 150.68 | 166.54 | 20 | 170.97 | 151.74 | 162.61 | 25 | 164.19 | |
推算身高Height(II) | 171.94 | 155.53 | 166.27 | 20 | 169.64 | 157.93 | 164.10 | 25 | 164.94 | |
推算身高Height(ΙΙΙ) | 168.21 | 154.66 | 163.24 | 20 | 167.41 | 156.51 | 161.78 | 25 | 162.31 | |
推算身高Height(IV) | 171.42 | 153.93 | 164.97 | 13 | 169.68 | 156.46 | 163.20 | 18 | 163.96 |
项目Variable | 左侧Left(cm) | 右侧Right(cm) | 总体均值Mean | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
最大值Max | 最小值Min | 均值Mean | 例数n | 最大值Max | 最小值Min | 均值Mean | 例数n | |||
肱骨Humerus | 30.30 | 27.00 | 29.14 | 7 | 30.20 | 26.50 | 28.81 | 9 | 28.96 | |
尺骨Ulna | 23.20 | 22.50 | 22.90 | 3 | — | — | — | — | 22.90 | |
桡骨Radius | 21.70 | 20.80 | 21.25 | 2 | 21.90 | 21.20 | 21.55 | 2 | 21.40 | |
股骨Femur | 42.50 | 37.00 | 40.75 | 6 | 42.00 | 36.00 | 40.63 | 6 | 40.69 | |
胫骨Tibia | 34.00 | 32.50 | 33.17 | 3 | 33.80 | 33.80 | 33.80 | 1 | 33.33 | |
推算身高Height(I) | 163.17 | 142.27 | 156.85 | 17 | 162.22 | 138.56 | 155.67 | 15 | 155.81 | |
推算身高Height(V) | 162.08 | 147.22 | 156.83 | 17 | 161.51 | 145.00 | 157.10 | 15 | 156.69 |
Tab.3 Height of female
项目Variable | 左侧Left(cm) | 右侧Right(cm) | 总体均值Mean | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
最大值Max | 最小值Min | 均值Mean | 例数n | 最大值Max | 最小值Min | 均值Mean | 例数n | |||
肱骨Humerus | 30.30 | 27.00 | 29.14 | 7 | 30.20 | 26.50 | 28.81 | 9 | 28.96 | |
尺骨Ulna | 23.20 | 22.50 | 22.90 | 3 | — | — | — | — | 22.90 | |
桡骨Radius | 21.70 | 20.80 | 21.25 | 2 | 21.90 | 21.20 | 21.55 | 2 | 21.40 | |
股骨Femur | 42.50 | 37.00 | 40.75 | 6 | 42.00 | 36.00 | 40.63 | 6 | 40.69 | |
胫骨Tibia | 34.00 | 32.50 | 33.17 | 3 | 33.80 | 33.80 | 33.80 | 1 | 33.33 | |
推算身高Height(I) | 163.17 | 142.27 | 156.85 | 17 | 162.22 | 138.56 | 155.67 | 15 | 155.81 | |
推算身高Height(V) | 162.08 | 147.22 | 156.83 | 17 | 161.51 | 145.00 | 157.10 | 15 | 156.69 |
葬式Form | 类型Type | Ori | Mal | Fem | Unk | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A.直肢葬Extended | A1.仰身Supine | 17 | 19 | 3 | 39 | |
A2.俯身Prone | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 | ||
B.屈肢葬Flexed | B1. 仰身 Supine-flexed | 49 | 45 | 12 | 106 | |
B1-a.跪屈Kneeling | F | 17 | 23 | 7 | 47 | |
L | 11 | 5 | 1 | 17 | ||
R | 13 | 7 | 1 | 21 | ||
B1-b.蹲屈Crouched | F | 2 | 2 | 0 | 4 | |
L | 1 | 3 | 2 | 6 | ||
R | 1 | 4 | 1 | 6 | ||
B1-c.微屈Semi-flexed | 4 | 1 | 0 | 5 | ||
B2.侧身 Lateral | 12 | 2 | 4 | 18 | ||
B2-a.跪屈Kneeling | L | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | |
R | 4 | 1 | 2 | 7 | ||
B2-b.蹲屈Crouched | L | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 | |
R | 3 | 1 | 2 | 6 | ||
B3.俯身Prone | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | ||
总计Total | 79 | 68 | 19 | 166 |
Tab.4 Burial style in male and female (n)
葬式Form | 类型Type | Ori | Mal | Fem | Unk | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A.直肢葬Extended | A1.仰身Supine | 17 | 19 | 3 | 39 | |
A2.俯身Prone | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 | ||
B.屈肢葬Flexed | B1. 仰身 Supine-flexed | 49 | 45 | 12 | 106 | |
B1-a.跪屈Kneeling | F | 17 | 23 | 7 | 47 | |
L | 11 | 5 | 1 | 17 | ||
R | 13 | 7 | 1 | 21 | ||
B1-b.蹲屈Crouched | F | 2 | 2 | 0 | 4 | |
L | 1 | 3 | 2 | 6 | ||
R | 1 | 4 | 1 | 6 | ||
B1-c.微屈Semi-flexed | 4 | 1 | 0 | 5 | ||
B2.侧身 Lateral | 12 | 2 | 4 | 18 | ||
B2-a.跪屈Kneeling | L | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | |
R | 4 | 1 | 2 | 7 | ||
B2-b.蹲屈Crouched | L | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 | |
R | 3 | 1 | 2 | 6 | ||
B3.俯身Prone | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | ||
总计Total | 79 | 68 | 19 | 166 |
疾病Disease→ 遗址Site↓ | 贫血Anemia | 创伤Trauma | 关节炎Osteo-arthritis | 文献Reff |
---|---|---|---|---|
贾湖Jiahu | 3.62% | — | — | [ |
西坡Xipo | 14.30% | — | — | [ |
沟湾Gouwan | — | — | 30.00% | [ |
姜家梁Jiangjialiang | — | 6.56% | 3.28% | [ |
蒋庄Jiangzhuang | 37.10% | 27.45% | — | [ |
白羊村Baiyangcun | — | 10.00% | 6.67% | [ |
焦家Jiaojia | 5.75%# | — | — | [ |
2.27%## | ||||
梁王城Liangwangcheng | — | 3.42% | — | [ |
磨沟组Mogou | 15.00% | 11.73% | 19.29% | [ |
Tab.5 Prevalence of trauma and disease in each site
疾病Disease→ 遗址Site↓ | 贫血Anemia | 创伤Trauma | 关节炎Osteo-arthritis | 文献Reff |
---|---|---|---|---|
贾湖Jiahu | 3.62% | — | — | [ |
西坡Xipo | 14.30% | — | — | [ |
沟湾Gouwan | — | — | 30.00% | [ |
姜家梁Jiangjialiang | — | 6.56% | 3.28% | [ |
蒋庄Jiangzhuang | 37.10% | 27.45% | — | [ |
白羊村Baiyangcun | — | 10.00% | 6.67% | [ |
焦家Jiaojia | 5.75%# | — | — | [ |
2.27%## | ||||
梁王城Liangwangcheng | — | 3.42% | — | [ |
磨沟组Mogou | 15.00% | 11.73% | 19.29% | [ |
地区Region | 遗址Site | H(Female) (cm) | H(Male) (cm) | 方程 Equation | 文献Reff |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
南方 South | 鲤鱼墩Liyudun | 166.85 | 158.73 | III, V | [ |
鲤鱼嘴Liyuzui | 157.4 / 165.3 | — | II | [ | |
甑皮岩Zengpiyan | 161.16 | — | II | [ | |
鱿鱼岗Yoyugang | 157.18 | — | IV | [ | |
蚝岗Haogang | 165.20 | — | II | [ | |
165.18 | — | IV | |||
北方 North | 梁王城Liangwangcheng | 167.6 | 150.7 | I | [ |
柘林Zhelin | — | 153.3 | I | [ | |
白羊村Baiyangcun | 162.27 | 155.28 | I | [ | |
汪沟Wanggou | 166.51 | 160.34 | II, V | [ | |
姜家梁Jiangjialiang | 169.69 | 160.39 | I | [ | |
磨沟Mogou | 165.18 | 158.27 | II, V | [ | |
166.28 | 159.43 | I | |||
沟湾组Gouwan | 168.04 | 160.21 | II, V | [ |
Tab.6 Height and equation in each site
地区Region | 遗址Site | H(Female) (cm) | H(Male) (cm) | 方程 Equation | 文献Reff |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
南方 South | 鲤鱼墩Liyudun | 166.85 | 158.73 | III, V | [ |
鲤鱼嘴Liyuzui | 157.4 / 165.3 | — | II | [ | |
甑皮岩Zengpiyan | 161.16 | — | II | [ | |
鱿鱼岗Yoyugang | 157.18 | — | IV | [ | |
蚝岗Haogang | 165.20 | — | II | [ | |
165.18 | — | IV | |||
北方 North | 梁王城Liangwangcheng | 167.6 | 150.7 | I | [ |
柘林Zhelin | — | 153.3 | I | [ | |
白羊村Baiyangcun | 162.27 | 155.28 | I | [ | |
汪沟Wanggou | 166.51 | 160.34 | II, V | [ | |
姜家梁Jiangjialiang | 169.69 | 160.39 | I | [ | |
磨沟Mogou | 165.18 | 158.27 | II, V | [ | |
166.28 | 159.43 | I | |||
沟湾组Gouwan | 168.04 | 160.21 | II, V | [ |
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